Electrochemistry corrosion prevention

Electrochemistry is widely used in industry, for example in effluent treatment, corrosion prevention and electroplating as well as in electrochemical synthesis. Electrochemical synthesis is a well-established technology for major processes such as aluminium and chlorine production there is, however, increased interest in the use of electrochemistry for clean synthesis of fine chemicals. The possible green benefits of using electrochemical synthesis include ... 

Electrochemistry finds wide application. In addition to industrial electrolytic processes, electroplating, and the manufacture and use of batteries already mentioned, the principles of electrochemistry are used in chemical analysis, e.g.. polarography, and electrometric or conductometric titrations in chemical synthesis, e.g., dyestuffs, fertilizers, plastics, insecticides in biolugy and medicine, e g., electrophoretic separation of proteins, membrane potentials in metallurgy, e.g.. corrosion prevention, eleclrorefining and in electricity, e.g., electrolytic rectifiers, electrolytic capacitors. 

Ohtsuka, T, lida, M., and Ueda, M. 2006. Polypyrrole coating doped by molybdo-phosphate anions for corrosion prevention of carbon steels. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 10, 714-720. 

Electrochemistry is a large and important area of physical chemistry. It is, however, difficult to define precisely the limits of this area, not amply on account of its size but because of its influence in so many areas in chemistry as well as in biology and physics. Many concepts, accepted universally now as fundamental to chemistry, originated in electrochemistry. On the other hand it is now realized that future developments in many fields, and we may at random quote such widely differing ones as corrosion prevention, power supply and biochemistry and cellular biology, are dependent in no small way upon the exploitation of electrochemical principles. 

The lag between the time that nitinol, was first produced and the time it was used commercially in medical devices was due in part to the fear that nickel would leach from the metal and not be tolerable as a human implant. As it turns out, with a correct understanding of the surface electrochemistry and subsequent processing, a passivating surface layer can be induced by an anodizing process to form on the nitinol surface. It is comprised of titanium oxide approximately 20 mn thick. This layer actually acts as a barrier to prevent the electrochemical corrosion of the nitinol itself. Without an appreciation for the electrochemistry at its surface, nitinol would not be an FDA-approved biocompatible metal and an entire generation of medical devices would not have evolved. This is really a tribute to the understanding of surface electrochemistry within the context of implanted medical devices. 

The prevention of corrosion is that part of materials science and electrochemistry which, if applied with knowledge, has the potential to save 2-3% of the gross national product, which at present is lost because of the destruction of materials. The field has a strong moving frontier and advantage has been taken of the fact that some of the new information lends itself to diagrammatic presentation. 

Corrosion is a major economic problem. About 20% of all the iron and steel produced is used to repair or replace corroded structures. That is why the prevention of corrosion is a major focus of research in materials science and electrochemistry. An obvious response to corrosion is to paint the metal or coat it with some other material that does not corrode. However, once a crack or scrape occurs in the coating, corrosion can begin and often spread even faster than on an uncoated surface. 

Research of surface electrochemistry processes on metallic implants has focused mainly on corrosion processes and its prevention. These processes are highly sensitive to shape and surface defects. Corrosion studies on bare metals are available, although systematic studies of specific devices under conditions of mechanical... 

Monticelli, C. Zucchi, F. Brunoro, G. Trabanelli, G. (1997). Stress corrosion cracking behaviour of some aluminium-based metal matrix composites. Corrosion Science, Vol. 39, No. 10-11, pp. 1949-1963, ISSN 0010938X Muhamed Ashraf, P. Shibli, S. M. A. (2007). Reinforcing aluminium with cerium oxide A new and effective technique to prevent corrosion in marine environments. Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 443-448, ISSN 13882481 Niino, M. Maeda, S. (1990). Recent Development Status of Fxmctionally Gradient Materials. ISIJ International, Vol. 30, No. 9, pp. 699-703, ISSN 09151559 Nunes, P. C. R. Ramanathan, L. V. (1995). Corrosion behavior of alumina-aluminium and silicon carbide-aluminium metal-matiix composites. Corrosion, Vol. 51, No. 8, pp. 610-617, ISSN 00109312... 

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