High performance liquid electrochemical detection

Limit of detection of 3 -methylcatechin. GC/MS, gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry UV, ultraviolet EC, electrochemical HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography CL, chemiluminescence FL, fluorescence Nd, not determined EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate. 

H. Fujimoto, I. Nishino, K. Ueno and T. Umeda, Determination of the enantiomers of a new 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonist in dog plasma achiral / chiral coupled high performance liquid cliromatography with electrochemical detection , 7. Pharm. Sci. 82 319-322(1993). 

Kojima, T., Nishina, T., Kitamura, M., Kamatani, N. and Nishioka, K. (1989). Reversed-phase high-performance liquid-chromatography of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine in serum and urine with electrochemical detection. Clin. Chim. Acta 181, 109-114. 

Shigenaga, M.K., Park, J.W., Cundy, K.C., Cimeno, C.J. and Ames, B.N. (1990). In pim oxidative DNA damage, measurement of 8-hydroxy-2 -deoxyguanosine in DNA and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Meth. Enzymol. 186, 521-530. 

Imperato, A., and Di Chiara, G. Transtriatal dialysis coupled to reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection A new method for the study of the in vivo release of endogenous dopamine and metabolites. J Neurosci A.966-911, 1984. 

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a micellar mobile phase or with a selective pre-column or reaction detection system has also been used to determine alkylenebis(dithiocarbamaes). ° Zineb and mancozeb residues in feed were determined by ion-pair HPLC with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 272 nm. These compounds were converted to water-soluble sodium salts with ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and sodium hydroxide. The extracts were ion-pair methylated with tetrabuthylammonium hydrogensulfate (ion-pair reagent) in a chloroform-hexane solvent mixture at pH 6.5-8.S. The use of an electrochemical detector has also been reported. ... 

Mishin, V. M., Koivisto, T., and Lieber, C. S., The determination of cytochrome P450 2E1 -dependent p-nitrophenol hydroxylation by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, Anal. Biochem., 233,212,1996. 

Kafil, J. B., Cheng, H.-Y., and Last, T. A., Quantitation of nucleic acids at the picogram level using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, Anal. Chem., 58, 285, 1986. 

Mayer, W. J. and Greenberg, M. S., Determination of some carbamate pesticides by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, ]. Chromatogr., 208, 295, 1981. 

Feubolt, R. and Klein, H., Determination of sulphite and ascorbic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography withe electrochemical detection,. Chromatogr., 640, 271, 1993. 

W. R. LaCourse, Pulsed Electrochemical Detection in High Performance Liquid Chromatography, John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, NY (1997). 

ECD = electrochemical detection FID = flame ionization detector GC = gas chromatography HPLC = high performance liquid chromatography M = molar NaOH = sodium hydroxide NR = not reported rpm = revolutions per minute... 

Dean et al. [93] used a high performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of primaquine and carboxyprimaquine in plasma with electrochemical detection. After the addition of the internal standard, plasma was deproteinized by the addition of acetonitrile. Nitrogen-dried supernatants, resuspended in mobile phase were analyzed on a C8 reversed-phase column. Limits of detection for primaquine and carboxyprimaquine were 2 and 5 ng/mL with quantitation limits of 5 and 20 ng/mL, respectively. The assay sensitivity and specificity are sufficient to permit quantitation of the drug in plasma for pharmacokinetics following low dose (30 mg, base) oral administration of primaquine, typically used in the treatment of malaria and P. carinii pneumonia. 

Electrochemical Detection in High Performance Liquid Chromatography... 

High-performance liquid chromatographic separation with electrochemical detection may provide the best sensitivity for phenol quantification in biological samples. The use of gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector may be a more versatile method, if other non-ionic pollutants must be quantified. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods available for the quantification of phenol and metabolites in biological and environmental samples have been discussed by Tesarova and Packova(1983). 

Achilli G, Cellerino GP, d Eril GM, et al. 1995. Simultaneous determination of 27 phenols and herbicides in water by high-performance liquid chromatography with multi-electrode electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr 697 357-362. 

Bagli M, Rao ML, Hoflich G. 1994. Quantification of chlor-prothixene, levomepromazine and promethazine in human serum using high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 657(1) 141-148. 

He H, Shay SD, Caraco Y, Wood M, Wood AJ. 1998. Simultaneous determination of codeine and its seven metabolites in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 708(1-2) 185-193. 

Osborne PC, Yamamoto K. 1998. Disposable, enzymatically modified printed film carbon electrodes for use in the high-performance liquid chromatographic-electrochemical detection of glucose or hydrogen peroxide from immobilized enzyme reactors. J Chrom B 707 3-8. 

Raggi MA, Sabbioni C, Casamenti G, Gerra G, Calonghi N, et al. 1999. Determination of catecholamines in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Chrom B 730 201-211. 

Rotshteyn Y, Weingarten B. 1996. A highly sensitive assay for the simultaneous determination of morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide, and morphine-6-glucuronide in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical and fluorescence detection. Ther Drug Monit 18(2) 179-188. 

Vaarman A, Kask A, Maeorg U. 2002. Novel and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic methods based on electrochemical coulometric assay detection for simultaneous determination of catecholamines, kynure-nine and indole derivatives of tryptophan. J Chrom B 769 145-153. 

Rotsch, T. D., Spanton, M., Cugier, P. and Plasz, A. C., Determination of Clarithromycin as a Contaminant on Surfaces by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Using Electrochemical Detection, Pharm. Res., 8 989-991, 1991. 

Setchell, K.D., Welsh, M.B., and Lim, C.K. (1987). High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of phytoestrogens in soy protein preparations with ultraviolet, electrochemical and thermospray mass spectrometric detection, J. Chromatogr., Jan, 16, 386, 315-323. 

Riggin and Howard (1979, 1982), Matsui et al. (1983), Fabre et al. (1984), and Ahuja et al. (1988) reported that High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV or electrochemical detection is capable of analyzing 1,2-diphenylhydrazine. Reversed phase chromatographic columns have been used most often (Ahuja et al. 1988 Fabre et al. 1984 Riggin and Howard 1979, 1982). Cyano-amino polar bonded phase columns also have been used (Matsui et al. 1983). Using a reversed phase and UV detection, the minimum amount detected (on column amounts) is approximately 6-7 ng and the minimum amount quantifiable is less than 1 pg (Ahuja et al. 1988 ... 

CZE = capillary zone electrophoresis EC = electrochemical detector GC = gas chromatography HCD = Hall conductivity detector HPLC = high performance liquid chromatography IDMS = isotope dilution mass spectrometry MS = mass spectrometry RSD = relative standard deviation SEE = supercritical fluid extraction SPE = solid phase extraction UV = ultraviolet absorbance detection... 

CCI4 = carbon tetrachloride EC = electrochemical detection ECD = electron capture detection GC = gas chromatography HCl = hydrogen chloride HPLC = high-performance liquid... 

Lloyd JBF. 1983. High-performance liquid chromatography of organic explosives components with electrochemical detection at a pendant mercury drop electrode. J Chromatogr 257 227-236. 

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