Electrically Supervised Systems

Monitor all components to ensure personnel become aware when the system needs repair. The system should signal trouble when the following occurs  

---

Control and supervision systems should be designed with circuit monitoring and self-diagnostic testing to verify that the field sensors and devices are electrically active and connected. The system should alarm when an electrical fault is detected. 

This is apparent in the case of industrial systems [6]0, which are making increasing use of the capabilities offered by open networks for remotely accessing sensors and actuators for their operation and maintenance. Control and supervision systems are typically embedded in other critical infrastructures electric power, potable water, oil and gas, railways, etc. The potential advantages from the economic and functional viewpoints are unquestionable less often studied are the risks that these connections might... 

Ensure all systems meet NFPA standards and local requirements. All manually operated fire systems must be electrically supervised. The system must also automatically transmit an alarm to the fire department. Notify the local fire department by other means when the ALARM HAS BEEN ACTIVATED (Tables 9.6 and 9.7). 

Gas Analyzers. The definition of continuous monitoring requires that each sensor or location be sampled and evaluated in periods not exceeding 30 minutes. Life-safety systems are required to be electrically supervised to provide indications of opens and shorts in wiring or malfunctioning components. It is recommended that high traffic areas be monitored more frequently than unmanned storage areas. All gas analyzers should be located outside the fab. 

Generally, a continuous recording of electrically available data - for example, current, cell voltage, electrode potentials, temperatures - is beneficial to supervise the proper procedure of each experiment. Especially in case of a failure this will be a valuable help to find the reason. Today, the best way is to use a data acquisition system in a computer that offers the results directly for further calculations, for example, integration of the consumed current (converted charge). For continuously operated experiments the addition of scales, which acquire the weight of input and output reservoirs, will be advantageous in order to supervise the mass balances continuously. 

End-of-line resistors installed for system circuit supervision should be mounted in covered electrical junction boxes. The boxes should be labeled with plastic or metal signs and mounted in an accessible location. 

Labor required to install the system was estimated to include machinists, welders, plumbers, and electricians, in addition to other site labor, supervision, and project management. The system required water, gas, and electricity (D17162K, p. 12). 

Engineering Test. Ic is an evaluation test of materiel under development conducted by, or under die supervision of, the technical service concerned to determine inherent structural, electrical, or other physical or chemical qualities of the item or system tested, including those of an environmental nature, designed to provide a basis for decisions as to subsequent developmental action or the suitability of the item for user test... 

There are two control rooms. One is near the nitrator house in a control bunker, another is further away in a remote control room at a safe distance. The latter is provided with instruments to start, supervise Redox, pM NG-water emulsion and a device to shut down the unit. Both control rooms are provided with TV sets. Signals between the two houses are both electric and pneumatic, although controls on the nitration unit are only pneumatic. The remote control room is operated in case of emergency and necessity or breakdown of the automatic system. 

Horacio R. Corti was bom in Buenos Aires in 1949. Ph.D. in Cheinistry at the University of Buenos Aires (1979), where he is FuU Professor of Physical Chemistry at the Faculty of Sciences, and postdoctoral fellow at the Central Electricity Research Laboratories (Surrey, UK). He is also Principal Researcher of the National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET) and head of the Fuel Cells Group at the Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, National Commission of Atomic Energy. His research areas include the transport phenomena, thermodynamics, and electro-chemistry of hydrothermal, supercooled, and glassy aqueous systems, and proton exchange membrane fuel cells. He has published more than 100 articles in international journals, authored several text and technical books, and supervised 10 Ph.D. theses. 

---