Electrical installation lighting

The electrical standards help minimize potential electric-related hazards by specifying safety aspects in the design and use of electrical equipment and systems. Currently the standards cover only those parts of any electrical system that an employee would normally use or contact. For example, the exposed and/or operating elements of an electrical installation—lighting, equipment, motors, machines, appliances, switches, controls, and enclosures — must be constructed and installed so as to minimize workplace electrical dangers. 

Their high resistance to aging, moisture and ozone allows silicone rubbers to be used in lighting and signalling facilities, as well as in special-purpose electrical installations, as seals in meteorological devices and lights for airports, as shock absorbers, etc. 

The electrical installation consists of four major components, namely, power wiring, lighting, transformation and service, and instrument and control wiring. Table 9 shows these component costs as ratios of the total electrical cost... 

In 1882, the city of Paris installed a system for the distribution of electricity for lighting comprising a combination of dynamos and lead—acid batteries. The first electrically lit street was Grands Magasins du Louvre in Paris ( the city of lights ). In 1883, Plante supplied the Imperial Palace of Franz Josef in Vienna with stationary and portable equipment for lighting. 

Optical fibre cables are communication cables made from optical-quality plastic, the same material from which spectacle lenses are manufactured. The energy Is transferred down the cable as digital pulses of laser light, as against current flowing down a copper conductor In electrical Installation terms. 

An electrical installation is made up of many different electrical circuits, lighting circuits, power circuits, single-phase domestic circuits and three-phase industrial or commercial circuits. 

For a domestic electrical installation an appropriate lighting scheme and multiple socket outlets for the connection of domestic appliances, all at a reasonable cost, are important factors which can usually be met by a PVC insulated and sheathed wiring system. 

Optical fibre cables are communication cables made from optical-quality plastic, the same material from which spectacle lenses are manufactured. The energy is transferred down the cable as digital pulses of laser light as against current flowing down a copper conductor in electrical installation terms. The light pulses stay within the fibre-optic cable because of a scientific principle known as total internal refraction which means that the laser light bounces down the cable and when it strikes the outer wall it is always deflected inwards and, therefore, does not escape out of the cable, as shown in Fig. 14.46. 

Today, powder coating is widely accepted, with thousands of installations in the factories of original equipment manufacturers (OEMS) and custom coating job shops. It is the preferred method for coating many familiar items such as lawn and garden equipment, patio and other metal furniture, electrical cabinets, lighting, shelving and store fixtures, and many automotive components. 

The Cinematograph (Safety) Regulations 1955 and subsequent amendments lay down the requirements for the electrical installation in cinemas. Where both the general and safety lighting are electric, there have to be two sources of supply to ensure maintenance of the emergency lighting in the event of mains failure. These Regulations are enforced by the local authorities. 

Vs in the case of all electrical systems lighting systems have the ability if poorly maintained or incorrectly installed to provide an ignition source for any available combustible material. 

Temporary electrical supplies on construction sites can save many person-hours of labour by providing energy for fixed and portable tools and lighting. However, as stated previously in this chapter, construction sites are dangerous places and the temporary electrical supplies must be safe. lET Regulation 110.1 tells us that all the regulations apply to temporary electrical installations such as construction sites. The frequency of inspection of construction sites is increased... 

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