Incorrect Installation

A perfectly good product can be mined or have its life curtailed by incorrect installation. If installation is by the manufacturer this is a form of quality control lapse whereas if installation is by the user or a third party it could be considered misuse. In failure analysis, wrong installation is often the first defence from the supplier. One of the arguments advanced when a largely polymeric echo sounder unit was lost from the hull of a yacht (resulting in sinking of the vessel) was that it had not been attached properly. However, one would expect it to have pushed inwards not outwards due to water pressure. 

Design and material selection errors are likely to affect the whole population of the product whereas 

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Incorrect installation of the disc, especially by faulty fitting. 

A flexible hose must never be stretched tightly between two fittings. About 5 to 8 per cent of the total length must be allowed as slack to provide freedom of movement under pressure. When under pressure, flexible hose contracts in length and expands in diameter. Examples of correct and incorrect installations of flexible hose are illustrated in Figure 40.33. 

Figure 40.33 Correct and incorrect installation of flexible hose...

Chatter, however, is due to incorrect installation or valve selection and cannot be seen as an accidental occurrence. The noise can sometimes be worse than an opening valve, but this is impossible to calculate. Here, there are no official guidelines to avoid wrong valve selection or installation. Therefore, making a correct selection and avoiding wrong installation are also paramount in order to avoid noise from SRVs. 

In any case, the noise intensity should only be referenced in areas where operating personnel normally work, which is very unlikely to be near an open valve outlet as this would mean incorrect installation practices had been applied. 

Rgur 10.6 Orientation of a bottoms drawoff, (a) Correctly installed (liquid in drawoff), (6) incorrectly installed (vapor in drawofi). Henry Z. Kister excerpted by special permission from Chemical Engineering, February 9,1981 copyright by McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, NY 10020.)... 

Figure 10.8 Incorrectly installed tray panels cause inadequate downcomer sealing (a) Correct (6) incorrect. Courtesy of Scott W. Golden, Glitsch Inc., private communication.)...

Undersized steam traps, dirty traps, and incorrectly installed traps should be avoided. Oversized traps can cause water hammer. 

NA Reposition Incorrect installation Reposition heat tracing... 

It should be emphasized that a FMEDA provides failure rates, failure modes and diagnostic coverage effectiveness for random hardware failures. If done properly, it does not include failure rates due to "systematic" causes including incorrect installation, inadvertent damage, incorrect calibration or any other human error. 

Poor assembly of the nozzle most nozzles require careful assembly of the internal and external components. Incorrect installation will result in poor atomization and often results in the shutdown of the process and loss of product. Nozzle assembly procedure should be carefully followed as per instruction and thoroughly tested... 

Implementation Incorrect installation, programming error, interface issues, and/ or not following standard. 

Seal cocking misalignment of a shaft seal such that it is not perpendicular to the hore in which it is supposed to fit, and the shaft it is supposed to seal may he caused hy incorrect installation or improper design also known simply as cocking. 

The most frequent cause of failure by incorrect installation is the too high or even total flooding of the LRVP. This is caused by... 

Vs in the case of all electrical systems lighting systems have the ability if poorly maintained or incorrectly installed to provide an ignition source for any available combustible material. 

Design error Inappropriate material Manufacturing fault Incorrect installation Unexpected service conditions Deliberate or accidental misuse. 

It is self evident that mistakes in manufacture could result in premature failure of the product and consequently quality control in some form is essential. Unfortunately, case histories show that sensible control precautions are not always applied and in some instances appear to be totally absent. There are examples of inadequate control at all stages from checking of incoming materials, through lack of testing of the product to incorrect installation. 

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