Effervescent tablets tartaric acid

Effervescent tablets disintegrate by virtue of the chemical reaction occurring in water between component ingredients, such as sodium bicarbonate and citric or tartaric acid, to achieve release of carbon dioxide. 

Tablet disruption following production of carbon dioxide is another mechanism used to enhance disintegration. This uses a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and a weak acid such as citric acid or tartaric acid and is exploited for effervescent formulations.

Lozenges These are compressed tablets formulated, without a disintegrant and must be allowed to dissolve in the mouth. They are used for local activity (throat lozenges) or for systemic effect (vitamins). Effervescent tablets These tablets undergo quick dissolution of actives in water due to internal liberation of carbon dioxide. By combining alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates with tartaric or citric acid, carbon dioxide is liberated when placed in water. 

Soluble, effervescent tablets are prepared by compression. In addition to active ingredients, they contain mixtures of acids (citric acid, tartaric acid) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOs) that release carbon dioxide when dissolved in water. The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) 24 includes the following seven monographs Acetaminophen for Effervescent Oral Solution Aspirin Effervescent Tablets for Oral Solution Potassium Bicarbonate Effervescent Tablets for Oral Solution Potassium Bicarbonate and Potassium Chloride for Effervescent Oral Solution Potassium Bicarbonate and Potassium Chloride Effervescent Tablets for Oral Solution Potassium and Sodium Bicarbonates and Citric Acid for Oral Solution and Potassium Chloride, Potassium Bicarbonate, and Potassium Citrate Effervescent Tablets for Oral Solution. ... 

A comparison of the formation of carbon dioxide from effervescent tablets based on anhydrous citric acid, ascorbic acid or tartaric acid, and NaHCOs in stoichiometric proportions indicated that ascorbic acid and anhydrous citric acid behaved similarly. 

Ascorbic acid can be used as the acid source. The speed of release of carbon dioxide from a mixture of ascorbic acid and NaHCOs is comparable with that produced by citric or tartaric acid-NaHCOs combinations. Since ascorbic acid is less hygroscopic than citric and tartaric acid, using ascorbic acid as the only acid source makes it possible to produce effervescent tablets in a non-airconditional area. ... 

Codeine phosphate in a paracetamol-codeine effervescent tablet was found to react at room temperature with the citric acid constituents to form citrate esters of codeine. The esterification was confirmed in a solid-state reaction at an elevated temperature. Tartaric acid also yielded an ester with codeine phosphate in a similar non-solvolytic reaction. 

Effervescent tablets were produced using four different formulations that contained citric and/or tartaric acid and NaHCOs with polyvidone and PEG 6000. The adhesion of each formulation to the metal faces of the punch tips was determined by means of electron microscopy, surface-roughness measurements, and quantification of punch-weight variations during tablet production. The basic formulations were inherently adhesive and produced tablets with a weak, porous structure the tablets were rougher than conventional, non-effervescent compressed tablets. Both formulations that contained tartaric acid produced tablets with a lower surface roughness and had less... 

As an excipient, potassium bicarbonate is generally used in formulations as a source of carbon dioxide in effervescent preparations, at concentrations of 25-50% w/w. It is of particular use in formulations where sodium bicarbonate is unsuitable, for example, when the presence of sodium ions in a formulation needs to be limited or is undesirable. Potassium bicarbonate is often formulated with citric acid or tartaric acid in effervescent tablets or granules on contact with water, carbon dioxide is released through chemical reaction, and the product disintegrates. On occasion, the presence of potassium bicarbonate alone may be sufficient in tablet formulations, as reaction with gastric acid can be sufficient to cause effervescence and product disintegration. 

Tartaric acid is used in beverages, confectionery, food products, and pbarmaceutical formulations as an acidulant. It may also be used as a sequestering agent and as an antioxidant synergist. In pbarmaceutical formulations, it is widely used in combination with bicarbonates, as tbe acid component of effervescent granules, powders, and tablets. 

Because of these disadvantages, baking soda is disappearing from medicines. It is still used in effervescent tablets combined with some sohd organic acid (citric acid or tartaric acid), which form carbon dioxide bubbles with baking soda. 

The first effervescent preparations were described over two centuries ago in the official compendia they were in powder form for use as cathartic salts. Later, in 1815, a patent described a combination of neutral salt or powder which possesses all the properties of the medicinal spring of Seidlitz in Germany, under the name of Seidlitz Powders, which contains sodium potassium tartarate, sodium bicarbonate, and tartaric acid, in the proportions 3 1 1, respectively (1). Effervescent granules and tablets have become more and more popular as the dosage form because they are readily soluble and easy to consume just by drinking the glass of water where they are dissolved. 

The powder or compressed tablets (effervescent bonbons) are used for preparation of artificial sparkling lemonades. They contain sodium bicarbonate and an acid component (lactic, tartaric or citric acid). When dissolved in water, they generate carbon dioxide. Other constituents of the product are sucrose or another sweetener, and nat-... 

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