Tartaric acid effervescent tablet formulations

Tablet disruption following production of carbon dioxide is another mechanism used to enhance disintegration. This uses a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and a weak acid such as citric acid or tartaric acid and is exploited for effervescent formulations.

Lozenges These are compressed tablets formulated, without a disintegrant and must be allowed to dissolve in the mouth. They are used for local activity (throat lozenges) or for systemic effect (vitamins). Effervescent tablets These tablets undergo quick dissolution of actives in water due to internal liberation of carbon dioxide. By combining alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates with tartaric or citric acid, carbon dioxide is liberated when placed in water. 

Effervescent tablets were produced using four different formulations that contained citric and/or tartaric acid and NaHCOs with polyvidone and PEG 6000. The adhesion of each formulation to the metal faces of the punch tips was determined by means of electron microscopy, surface-roughness measurements, and quantification of punch-weight variations during tablet production. The basic formulations were inherently adhesive and produced tablets with a weak, porous structure the tablets were rougher than conventional, non-effervescent compressed tablets. Both formulations that contained tartaric acid produced tablets with a lower surface roughness and had less... 

As an excipient, potassium bicarbonate is generally used in formulations as a source of carbon dioxide in effervescent preparations, at concentrations of 25-50% w/w. It is of particular use in formulations where sodium bicarbonate is unsuitable, for example, when the presence of sodium ions in a formulation needs to be limited or is undesirable. Potassium bicarbonate is often formulated with citric acid or tartaric acid in effervescent tablets or granules on contact with water, carbon dioxide is released through chemical reaction, and the product disintegrates. On occasion, the presence of potassium bicarbonate alone may be sufficient in tablet formulations, as reaction with gastric acid can be sufficient to cause effervescence and product disintegration. 

Tartaric acid is used in beverages, confectionery, food products, and pbarmaceutical formulations as an acidulant. It may also be used as a sequestering agent and as an antioxidant synergist. In pbarmaceutical formulations, it is widely used in combination with bicarbonates, as tbe acid component of effervescent granules, powders, and tablets. 

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