Effects of rosemary

Table 9. Effect of rosemary on chemical and sensory properties of cooked beef patties stored 2 days at 4 C...

Effect of Rosemary Extracts on the Oxidative Stability of Meat Products Measured by the Inhibition of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS)... 

Amagase et al. (1996) demonstrated that the benefits of rosemary in the diet of rats exposed to DMBA are dependent on the source and concentration of dietary lipids. 1% rosemary but not 0.5% rosemary powder reduced the DMBA-induced DNA adduct in a diet containing 5% com oil, whereas 0.5% rosemary powder was effective in a 20% com oil diet. Further, the effect of rosemary was lower when the dietary lipid consisted of 5% com oil and 15% coconut oil. 

Offord, E.A., Mace, K., Avanti, O. and Pfeifer, A.M. 1997. Mechanisms involved in the chemoprotective effects of rosemary extract studied in human liver and bronchial cells. Cancer Fett. 114 275-281. 

Absorption of nonheme iron was significantly reduced in healthy women who ingested a phenolic-rich extract of rosemary with a test meal. The effect of rosemary was less than that of green tea (Samman et al. 2001). 

Nusier, M.K., H.N. Bataineh, and H.M. Daradkah. 2007. Adverse effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) on reproductive function in adult male rats. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 232(6) 809-813. 

HraS, A.R., Hadolin, M., Knez, Z. and Bauman, D. Comparison of antioxidative and synergistic effects of rosemary extract wit a-tocopherol, ascorbyl pahnitate and citric acid in sunflower oil. Food Chem. 71, 229-233 (2000). 

Table 12.13. Effect of rosemary and sage extracts on frying quality of palm olein ...

Man, Y.B.C. and Jaswir, I. Effect of rosemary and sage extracts on frying performance of refined, bleached and depdorozed (RBD) palm olein during deep-fat frying. Food Chem. 69, 301-307 (2000). 

Figure 6. TBA values above 3 are indicative of off flavor in beef The effect of rosemary and phosphate in extending refrigerated shelf life of ground beef patties is shown.

Figure 8. Synergistic effect of rosemary Herbalox and Teabalox.

Yesil-Celiktas, O., Sevimli, C., Bedir, E., and Vardar-Sukan, F. 2010. Inhibitory effects of rosemary extracts, camosic acid and rosmarinic acid on the growth of various human cancer cell... 

Estevez, M. and Cava, R. 2006. Effectiveness of rosemary essential oil as an inhibitor of lipid and protein oxidation Contradictory effects in different types of iiankfuileis. Meat Science, 72, 348-355. 

Several authors reported the antioxidant effectiveness of rosemary extract in corn, soybean, peanut, and fish oil [38,39]. Similarly, the effectiveness of rosemary extracts combined with BHT, in different mixtures, has been studied in soybean oil [39-41]. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of rosemary extracts in chicken Frankfurters have been evaluated [37], The effect of rosemary extract, added individually or in combination, on lipid oxidation and color stability of frozen beef burgers or fresh pork sausages has also been assessed [35,36]. 

Georgantelis, D., I. Ambrosiadis, P. Katikou, G. Blekas, and G. A. Georgakis. 2007. Effect of rosemary extract, chitosan and a-tocopherol on microbiological parameters and lipid oxidation of fresh pork sausages stored at 4 C. Meat Sci. 76(1) 172-181. 

Reblova, Z, Kudmova, J, Trojakova, L and Pokorny, J (1999) Effect of rosemary extracts on the stabihzation of frying oil during deep fat frying. J. Food Lipids, 6,13-23. 

Figure 3. Effects of rosemary phytochemicals on viability of RAW 264.7 cells. Cells were treated with rosemary phytochemicals for 24 h. Cell viability was assayed using ATP-Lite-Mnonradioactive cell proliferation assay kit and luminescence intensity measured by Topcount Microplate Scintillation and lumininescence counter. The percentage of cell viability was normalized to control. Data represent means SE triplicate tests.

Figure 4. Effects of rosemary phytochemicals on LPS-induced nitrite formation in RAW 264.7 cells. Cells were treated with or without indicated concentrations of tested compounds [carnosic acid (CA), carnosol (CL), rosmarinic acid (RA), ursolic acid (UC)] and LPS (1 pg/mL) for 24 h. Amounts of nitrite released to culture medium was determined by Griess reagent and read at OD 550 nm with a sodium nitrite standard curve. Data represent means SE of triplicate tests.

Like many other antioxidants, rosemary and its polyphenols possess not only antioxidative activities, but also antitumorigenic activities. Huang et al. (5) investigated the inhibitory effects of rosemary extract, carnosol and ursolic acid on tumor formation in mouse skin. They found that topical application of rosemary inhibits B(a)P- and DMBA-induced initiation of tumor and TPA-induced tumor promotion in DMBA-initiated mice. Carnosol and ursolic acid were found to be strong inhibitors of TPA-induced inflammation, ornithine decarboxylase activity and tumor promotion in mouse skin (5). It was suggested that carnosol acted like other nonsteroidal phenolic anti-inflammatory agents, such as curcumin, which inhibited the metabolism of arachidonic acid. 

Effects of Rosemary Phytopolyphenols on Various Caspase Activities in HL-60 Cells... 

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