Effective drying temperature

Good effects can be obtained only in special processes with high washing and/or drying temperatures. 

Fig. 2. Effect of temperature on the shear modulus of dry nylon-6,6 (—) and nylon-6,6 plus 30% glass fiber (-). To covert MPa to psi, multiply by 145.

The gas turbine is a high-volume air machine. The compressor air power required is usually between 50-70 percent of the total power produced by the turbine. Thus, the ambient temperature affects the output of the gas turbine. On hot days, the gas turbine produces less output than on cold days. In dry climates, the use of evaporative cooling in the gas turbine decreases the effective inlet temperature and increases the power output of the unit. 

Godin et al. (10), working on the effect of insecticidal activity of pyrethrum flowers from fresh and dried flowers, showed that extracts from fresh flowers had little or no greater effect on pyrethroid content and insecticidal activity than extracts from dried flowers with drying temperatures up to 80 °C. However, some of all the pyrethrin was lost at 120°C. The principal loss was in pyrethin I and not pyrethin II. 

Penton and Zollinger (1979, 1981 b) reported that this could indeed be the case. The coupling reactions of 3-methylaniline and A,7V-dimethylaniline with 4-methoxy-benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate in dry acetonitrile showed a number of unusual characteristics, in particular an increase in the kinetic deuterium isotope effect with temperature. C-coupling occurs predominantly (>86% for 3-methylaniline), but on addition of tert-butylammonium chloride the rate became much faster, and triazenes were predominantly formed (with loss of a methyl group in the case of A V-di-methylaniline). Therefore, the initial attack of the diazonium ion is probably at the amine N-atom, and aminoazo formation occurs via rearrangement. 

Effect of temperature and humidity on the carbon stock dry and humid subtropical forests at the same latitude... 

Larrauri JA, Ruperez P and Saura-Calixto F. 1997. Effect of drying temperature on the stability of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of red grape pomace peels. J Agric Food Chem 45(4) 1390-1393. 

A double-effect climbing-film evaporator is connected so that the feed passes through two preheaters, one heated by vapour from the first effect and the other by vapour from the second effect. The condensate from the first effect is passed into the steam space of the second effect. The temperature of the feed is initially 289 K, 348 K after the first heater and 383 K after the second heater. The vapour temperature in the first effect is 398 K and in the second effect 373 K. The feed flowrate is 0.25 kg/s and the steam is dry and saturated at 413 K. What is the economy of the unit if the evaporation rate is 0.125 kg/s ... 

Figure 7.9. Effect of drying temperature on the analysis of a Brookston silty loam developed from glacial till and eolian silt, kg/ha is kilogram per hectare and ppm is parts per million (selected data adapted from Molloy and Lockman [12]).

Table VIII. Effect of Temperature on the Formation of Illite Layers in K-Kinney Submitted to Wetting and Drying Cycles, and Then Exchanged Twice With 0.1 N SrCl2...

When drying these sections, it is necessary to allow them to dry at room temperature. The use of a warming plate or oven while the sections are still wet can result in the loss of some antigens proportional to the drying temperature. Once the slides are dry though, they must be heated in an oven prior to the immunoassay. There is no adverse effect associated with heating dried sections. 

Berlin, E., Anderson, B. A. and Pallansch, M. J. 1970. Effect of temperature on water vapor sorption by dried milk powders. J. Dairy Sci. 53, 146-149. 

The effect of drying temperature on the surface hydroxyl concentration for Manosil VN3 slurried with 25 ml toluene and treated with excess Zr(7r-allyl)4 is shown in Figure 8. The discrepancy between these results and literature determinations of surface hydroxyl concentrations (20, 49, 50) prompted an investigation of the experimental technique. It was found that the concentration of the silica slurry had a profound effect on the degree of reaction with the organometallic. The results for Aerosil 380 dried at 200°C for 2 hrs under vacuum, slurried with toluene, and allowed to react with excess Zr(7r-allyl)4 or CH3MgI are shown in Figure... 

The effect of drying temperature on the available surface hydroxyl concentration of a silica is shown in Figure 8. A constant slurry concentration of 4% silica/toluene was used in these experiments. These results are comparable with other data (20, 62), and they indicate that the surface hydroxyl group concentration is reduced with increasing drying temperatures. The reaction of metal hydrocarbyl compounds with strained siloxane groups is illustrated in Reaction 4. 

Virtual temperature is, in effect, the temperature of a mass of dry air haring the same density of another mass of air containing water vapor. Virtual temperature is always greater than real temperature, except when G is nil. 

Drum Drvers. For materials in liquid and slurry form. One or several drums dip into the liquid or slurry and thus coat the heated drums. The drum temperature is controlled to effect drying during a port of the rotation of the drum from which the dried material is removed by knife prior to dipping one again into the liquid material. 

Water is measured in a sample by determining the loss in weight for the sample after it has been dried in a vacuum oven. The method requires only a small amount of homogeneous sample and can measure an effective range of 0.01 % to 99.99% water. As indicated earlier, the vacuum oven method allows one to dry samples at temperatures < 100°C. Some matrices may require drying at 70°C (Table A1.1.1), but the following procedure addresses a drying temperature between 95° and 100°C. 

Figure 9. Effect of temperature on the pyrene "exclmer" intensity. Excitation wavelength 345 nm. The pyrene concentration is 1 mg/g dry Si02.

Warren JW and Price JC. 1977. Drug migration during drying of tablet granulations. II. Effect of binder solution viscosity and drying temperature. J. Pharm. Sci. 66 1409-1412. 

---