Carbon stocks

Carbon stock 94 -184 0.55 Wall board, insulating type 14.8 21. 028... 

Effect of temperature and humidity on the carbon stock dry and humid subtropical forests at the same latitude... 

Figure 2. Carbon stock and contribution of each carbon pool studied. The acronyms AGB10, AGB0, BGB, HUV, LUV, LI and SOC are explained in the text.

Table 3. Carbon stock (tC/ha) in both ecosystems, Chaco and Yungas, in Coronel Moldes, Salta, Argentina.

Effect of human influence on the carbon stock in forests... 

The obtained results allow us to advance with the basic assumption the north sector, subject to anthropogenic influence, it showed a carbon stock 23% lower than the south sector, which had less accessibility and a better state of conservation (Table 4). These differences were statistically significant (H = 11.20, p < 0.001) only for the AGB stratum, but not for the other strata studied nor for the total carbon stock. Under similar conditions of climate, soil, geomorphology, altitude, and latitude, the human influence could explain these differences, as the AGB stratum is the easiest to appropriate by humans [10,17,19, 21]. The AGB make the largest contribution in both sectors to the carbon stock (53, 55%), followed by SOC (28-31%) and finally BGB (8-10%) depending on the sector analyzed (Figure 3). 

The carbon stock in legally protected forest sectors is higher than in unprotected sectors located at the same latitude and under the same conditions. 

The loss of species diversity and conditions of humidity and altitude from north to south, along the gradient in which the Pedemontana Jungle extends within Argentina, has been previously documented [27, 40]. Therefore, it was interesting to know in this case if this trend was also clearly reflected in the carbon stocks of the studied sectors of the Pedemontana Jungle. If the... 

Once again, the two carbon pools that make a greater contribution to the total ecosystem carbon stock are AGB and SOC, being greater in the case of the northern sector, meaning 52% and 34% of the total carbon stock, respectively (Figure 5). This implies that more than 86% of total carbon is concentrated in these two fractions. In the southern sector, the participation of these carbon pools is 47% and 38% for AGB and SOC, respectively, but with greater involvement of the SOC carbon pool in this case. 

These observations indicate that it is essential to preserve sectors of different latitudes and altitudes in the Pedemontana Jungle, since there are intrinsic factors that are defining differential features in the biomass and carbon stock, as well as, in every ecosystem functions associated with these particular conditions [40], Other authors have already pointed out that the recommendation in all cases is to maintain connectivity of Yungas in distribution, safeguarding different sectors of the Pedemontana Jungle, varying in latitude and altitude [27]. 

Fragmentation of the Pedemontana Jungle generates microclimate changes at its edge, which could affect the sequestration of the carbon stock. 

The carbon stock estimated for the Pedemontana Jungle ranges from 162 tC/ha (in Coronel Moldes) to 272 tC/ha (in Calilegua). In all cases, greater carbon storage occurs in the AGB fraction (from 47% to 55% of the total), where AGB0 fraction provides between 6 and 10% of... 

Chave J, Andalo C, Brown S, Cairns M, Chambers J, Eamus D et al. Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests. Oecologia, 2005.145 pp. 87-89. 

Hydro-electricity is the most developed renewable resource worldwide, even if it has to face social and environmental barriers [29]. In fact societal preferences are difficult to predict, while hydro-sites are often difficult to reach, which results in high transmission and capital investment costs. These are difficult to be accepted by private power companies. The global economic hydropower potential ranges between 7000 and 9000 TWh per year. Particularly mral communities without electricity appear to be convenient for small (<10 MWe), mini- (<1 MWe), and micro- (<100 kWe) scale hydro schemes. They have low environmental impacts, and generation costs are around 6-12 c/kWh. Emissions of GHG linked with hydro-electricity operation are due to flooding of land upstream of a dam that can imply a loss of biological carbon stocks and can produce methane emissions due to vegetation decomposition. 

Figure 5. Carbon footprint of different types of food products at retail. Average values estimated to be representative for food products sold on the Swedish market. Error bars show ranges of values found in the literature. Emissions from land use change and carbon stock changes in soils are not included [47]...

Leifeld J, Kogel-Knabner I (2005) Soil organic matter fractions as early indicators for carbon stock changes under different land-use Geoderma 124 143-155... 

Pool Area (Mha) Carbon stocks (Pg) Annual change (Pg year )... 

Figure 2.1. Diagram of factors controlling the main inputs and outputs of soil carbon, superimposed over a global map of soil organic carbon stocks. DOC, POC, and DIC stand for dissolved organic C, particulate organic C, and dissolved inorganic C, respectively. The background soil organic carbon (SOC) map (Miller Projection 1 100,000,000). See color insert. Reprinted from Davidson, E. A., and Janssens, I. A. (2006). Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change. Nature 440,165-173, with permission from Macmillan.

Empirical Estimates of Global Carbon Stocks in Soils 221... 

Davidson, E. A., and Lefebvre, P. A. (1993). Estimating regional carbon stocks and spatially covarying edaphic factors using soil maps at three scales. Biogeochemistry (Dordrecht) 22(2), 107-131. 

Guo, L. B., and Gifford, R. M. (2002). Soil carbon stocks and land use change A meta analysis. Global Change Biology 8(4), 345-360. 

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