Effect of surfactant chain length

Taylor DJF, Thomas RK, Li PX, Penfold J (2003) Adsmption of oppositely charged poly-electrolyte/surfactant mixtures. Neutron reflectirai frran alkyl trimethylammonium bromides and sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) at the air/water interface the effect of surfactant chain length. Langmuir 19 3712... 

The effect of surfactant structures and properties on emulsion polymerization have been investigated by numerous authors [82-89]. Efforts were made to study the effects of surfactants with different molecular weights on the rate of polymerization [82], swelling and solubilization effects [83], effects of alkyl chain length of homologous series on the rate of polymerization, particle size... 

Kameo A, Suzuki A, Torigoe K, Esumi K (2001) Fiber-like Gold Particles Prepared in Cationic Micelles by UV Irradiation Effect of Alkyl Chain Length of Cationic Surfactant on Particle Size. J Colloid Interface Sci 241 89-292... 

Effect of alkyl chain length in CmPOEn on the absorption spectra. The relationship between the absorption spectra and the mixed molar ratio of the SDS-C22l OE20 surfactant system is shown in Fig.l. The maximal absorption wavelength almost shifts to 450 nm with increasing the molar ratio of C] 2 20 absorption at... 

TX-45, TX-114, TX-100 have the same hydrophobic group (4-(l,l,3,3-tet-ramethylbutyl)phenyl), but have different lengths of hydrophilic poly ethoxy 1 chain, i.e. n = 5, 7.5 and 10, respectively (Scheme 4.6) Tween 20 and Tween 80 have the same molecular structure and EO number, while differentiate in the hydrophobic alkyl chain length. It is well known that the smaller the Henry s constant, the larger the solubility. The Henry s constants of C02 (e.g., 25 °C) in the surfactants with more EO content are smaller (TX-45 39.8 > TX-114 28.7 > TX-100 20.0), while the effect of alkyl chain length on the Henry s constant is very limited (Tween 20 10.7 and Tween 80 10.1). The absolute value of the enthalpy increases considerably with increasing EO content (TX-45 -14.5 2.1, TX-114 -15.9 2.3 and TX-100 -20.4 1.6) [83]. 

The effect of alkyl chain length on solubility is as might be expected, following a similar trend to other surfactant types. A C16 monoalkyl disulphonate has an aqueous solubility of 40%, while the CIO analogue is soluble up to 70%. 

The results of this study show that ultrasonic absorption techniques, when used in conjunction with other aggregate properties, provide important kinetic information about the partitioning process of alcohols tetween ionic micelles and the bulk phase. The effect of hydrocarbon chain length of the alcohol on the exit rates of monomer surfactant and alcohol components from the mixed micelles, aggregate size distribution, and the electrostatic stabilization of the head group region of the micelles will be considered. As well, previously unreported data for water- 1-butoxyethanol-DTAB will be used to extend conclusions based on previous work [2,3]. 

Area ( s) Occupied by a Surfactant Molecule at a Polystyrene-Water Interface at the Critical Micelle Concentration Effect of Alkyl Chain Length... 

Schick and Fowkes (11) studied the effect of alkyl chain length of surfactants on critical micelle concentration (CMC). The maximum lowering of CMC occurred when both the anionic and nonionic surfactants had the same chain length. It was also reported that the coefficient of friction between polymeric surfaces reaches a minimum as the chain length of paraffinic oils approached that of stearic acid (12). In order to delineate the effect of chain length of fatty acids on lubrication, the scuff load was measured by Cameron and Crouch (13). The maximum scuff load was observed when both hydrocarbon oil and fatty acid had the same chain length. Similar results of the effect of chain length compatibility on dielectric absorption, surface viscosity and rust prevention have been reported in the literature (14-16). 

Table I. Effect of Properties Chain Length Compatibility on of Mixed Surfactant Solutions Surface ...

In the case of precipitated silica, great endothermic contribution due to the displacement of interfacial water by the hydrophobic tails of surfactants may obscure the evaluation of the effect of the chain length on the enthalpy of displacement. As raising the temperature reduced this contribution to a great extent (see Fig.5b), the appropriate calorimetric experiments were carried out at 308 K. The results are presented in Fig.lO. 

Several authors have described the effect of alkyl chain length on performance. For LAS, a widely used surfactant in LDLDs, the most important factor in the performance is the carbon chain distribution [87], The optimum chain length of LAS for foam stability in a typical LDLD formulation varies depending on water hardness. This is illustrated in Table 7.13 for a formulated product of 24% LAS, 6% AEOS, and 2% LMMEA. 

Table II. Effect of Alkyl Chain Length of Anionic Surfactant on PLMA MW...

Horiuchi, T., Yoshii, T., Majima, T., Tamura, T., and Sugawara, H., Effect of alkyl chain length and number of 2-hydroxyethyl groups on drag reduction behaviors of quaternary ammonium salt-type cationic surfactant solutions, Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 415-421 (2001b). 

Babak, V.G., Rinaudo, M., Desbrieres, J. et al. (1997) The effect of alkyl chain length of a polysoap on the surface activity of its complexes with cationic surfactants. Mendeleev Communications, 4, 149-151. 

Since LAS surfactants are still widely used as work-horses in household detergent formulations, most data are available for this compounds, and also with special regard to the effects of alkyl chain length on aquatic toxicity. In optimizing detergency and ecology. 

Determinations of the cmc of well-defined, binary mixtures of surfactants have shown that the greater the difference in the cmc between the components of the mixture, the greater is the effect of the chain length of the more hydrophobic member. The analysis of results for binary mixtures of an homologous series of surfactants must take into consideration the fact that at the cmc... 

Khan, 1. A Mohammad, R. Alam, Md. S. Kabir-ud-Din Effect of Alkylamine Chain Length on the Critical Micelle Concentration of Cationic Gemini Butanediyl-a, oo-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide) Surfactant.. Dispersion Sci. Tedtnol, 2009, 30,1486-1493. 

H., Effect of Hydrophilic Chain Length of Amphiphdic Sdicone Od (Copolymer) on the Nonionic Surfactant-Layer Curvature. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004,108, 12736-12743. 

The effect of oil chain length on the partition coefficient of surfactant in the oil/brine system is explained in Figure 4. 

Fig. 19. Effect of oil chain length on the interfacial tension in high and low surfactant concentration systems.

Taipei, 14th-16th Nov.1994, p.413-4 EFFECT OF PEO CHAIN LENGTH OF POLYOXYETHYLENE NONYLPHENYL ETHER SURFACTANT ON THE SYNTHESIS OF POLYMER LATEX Chu H-H Cheng H-C Taiwan,Feng Chia University (lUPAC Taiwan,Polymer Society)... 

The effect of alkyl chain length size is uncertain. Differences in biodegradation rates between surfactants with longer or shorter alkyl chains may actually reflect solubility (microbial uptake) and inhibitory effects. 

A. Kameo et al., Fiber-like gold particles prepared in cationic micelles by UV irradiation effect of alkyl chain length of cationic surfactant on particle size. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 241,289-292 (2001). 

Yu Z-Y, Zhang X. Zhou Z, Xu G (1990) Physicochemical properties of aqueous mixtures of tetrabutylammoniiun bromide and anionic surfactants. Effects of sinfactant chain length and salinity. J Phys Chem 94 3675-3681... 

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