Chain length effect

Cho, K. W., Colepicolo, P., and Hastings, J. W. (1989). Autoinduction and aldehyde chain-length effects on the bioluminescent emission from the yellow protein associated with luciferase in Vibrio fischeri strain Y-lb. Photochetn. Photobiol. 50 671-677. 

An alternative approach, which is usual among physical organic chemists, involves a comparison of changes of thermodynamic quantities for structurally-related reaction series. Such an approach, for which the term extrathermodynamic is widely used (Leffler and Grunwald, 1963), will be adapted here in an appropriate form to the interpretation of chain-length effects on cyclisation rates and equilibria. The experimental basis is provided by cyclisation reactions for which either 0AS+- or 0AS -data are available. 

The comparison shows that both data sets are identical at comparable Q-values, i.e. from this observation any influence of finite-chain-length effects on the measured Schain(Q)t)/Schain(Q) for M =36 kg/mol can be excluded. Taking as reference the very good agreement between NSE results and theoretical predictions, the same comparison to the simulations is rather poor, pointing towards some problems in the simulation of such large chain ensembles. 

Acyl chain length, effect on binary phase diagram of G type nonionics, 42 Adhesion, LAS detergency performance, 250f Adsorption... 

Johnson PM, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN (2007) Alkyl chain length effects on copolymerization kinetics of a monoacrylate with hexanediol diacrylate. J Comb Chem 9 1149-1156... 

To summarize the data on chain length effects, we have represented the transfection activity as a function of the total number of carbon atoms in the lipid hydrocarbon chains (Fig. 16). It is evident from this figure that transfection typically exhibits a maximum at an average chain length of about 14 carbon atoms. These data indicate that the most frequently used cationic lipid derivatives with dioleoyl chains do not appear to be the most appropriate choice of carriers in transfection studies. 

In comparison to aqueous soap solutions there exist relatively few determinations of Krafft points in nonpolar surfactant solutions. An interesting example is due to Addison and Furmidge21 who determined the solubilities of four alkylpyri-dinium iodides (dodecyl-, tetradecyl-, hexadecyl-, and octadecyl-) in xylene (mixture of isomers, b.p. 138 °C). The solubilities were plotted against 1/T (see Fig. 22). The breaks in the curves and the chain length effect (which is much less pronounced compared to aqueous solutions) are clearly shown. Similar experiments have been reported by Mehrotra et al.146 on copper soaps in various organic solvents and by Malik et al.140 on cobalt hexamine soaps. 

Binary Monolayer Side Chain Length Effect. 88... 

The above observations regarding chain length effects and influences of T and... 

This procedure would circumvent the chain-length effect, i. e. yield K values independent of M and, of course, in agreement with those directly determined under 6> conditions after allowance is made for possible solvent effects. In the case of poIyelectrol3d es the situation is, however, much more complicated because here the estimates one could make of h M) and of the expansion factor a would be more dubious. 

Imahori, H. Norieda, H. Nishimura, Y. Yamazaki, I. Higuchi, K. Kato, N. Motohiro, T. Yamada, H. Tamaki, K. Arimura, M. Sakata, Y. Chain Length Effect on the Structure and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Porphyrins on Gold Electrodes../. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 1253-1260... 

Bright D, Dias F, Galbrecht F, Scherf U, Monkman A (2008) Alkyl chain length effects of the beta phase in polyfluorene. Adv Func Mat, in press... 

Sonoda, Y., Kawanishi, Y., Tsuzuki, S. and Goto, M. (2005) Crystalline-state Z,E-photoisomerization of a series of (Z,E,Z)-l,6-diphenylhexa-l,3,5-triene 4,4 -dicarboxylic add dialkyl esters. Chain length effects on the crystal structure and photoreactivity. J. Org. Chem., 70, 9755-9763. 

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