Effect of NaCl

Fig. 5-10 Effect of NaCl concentration on disbonding depth on coated pipes,...

Fig. 3. Study of the electroviscous effect of NaCl on gelatin B. a-Hydrodynamic radius, b-r /r o. c- Zeta potential at different pH (O.OOIM NaCl).

Figure 7. Effect of NaCl on adsorption of HP AM on SiC in the presence of calcium. (Reproduced with permission from ref. 26. Copyright 1988 Institut Francis du Petrole.)...

The enhancing effect of NaCl on Cd uptake was due to chloride complexation of Cd (Smolders et al., 1998). High salinity in soils increased the concentrations of chloride complexes of trace elements (such as CdCl or CdCl2°) in soil solution, which increased and correlated best with Cd uptake of both plant species as discussed above. In addition, salinity also affected plant root function, and Na competition with Cd for sorption sites in soil may be a possible contributor. 

Figure 3. The effect of NaCl on the partitioning of Ba2+ into calcite. The presence of NaCl at approximately marine concentrations significantly lowers the value of kcBa ...

The osmotic coefficient of water in NaCl solutions of varying concentration can be calculated from data in Ref. 15. From the resulting values of the osmotic coefficients, the effect of NaCl concentration on the equilibrium temperature for Equation (13.16) can be determined. The results of some calculations for a constant pressure of 1 atm are shown in Figure 20.5 (16). 

Figure 20.5. Effect of NaCl concentration on the equilibrium temperature of the anhydrite-gypsum reaction at 1 bar. Data from Ref. 16.

The effect of NaCl concentration on the rate of paraquat adsorption on activated clays is reported by Tsai et al. (2003). The rate constant increases with an increase of salts in the aqueous paraquat solution from 0.046 (g mg min at a NaCl concentration of 0.05 M, to 0.059 (g mg" min" at a solution concentration of 2.50 M NaCl. Studying the effect of various alkali metals ions on paraquat adsorption... 

This inhibitory effect of NaCl can be explained on the basis of the data from Horton et al. [81] that is described above. The Na ions remove Mn ions from the lower affinity site(s), which is somehow involved in the ribozyme activity, from the ribozyme-substrate complex. When Hammann et al. used ions in their NMR analysis, they noticed that the apparent Ka for the lower affinity ions depended on the concentration of Na ions [80]. An increase in the background concentration of NaCl from 10 mmol/1 to 50 mmol/1 weakened the affinity of the Mg ions for the complex. Their observations also reconcile with the observed inhibition by Na ions in our study, with the competitive removal of Mg /Mn ions from the ribozyme-substrate complex. 

Dousa T, Hechter O The effect of NaCl and liCl on vasopressin-sensitive adenyl... 

Effect of Lactic Acid Fermentation on Koji Autolysis. The effect of NaCl on lactic acid fermentation 10) is seen in Figure 5. Four autolysates were prepared... 

Salt Effects. The HCl-NaCl system has been studied further to determine the effect of NaCl concentration on the acid-carbon reaction. The carbon dosage was varied from 0.33 to 2.0 grams of 273-micron... 

As seawater is the most available water on earth, the possibility of application of sonophotocatalytic reaction system to seawater cleavage is also examined. It is known that sodium chloride (NaCl) is the principal mineral constituent of seawater and chloride ion (Cl ) concentration is nearly 2%.29) When the desired amount of NaCl is added into the system, effects of NaCl on the reaction of each process are assumed to occur. 

Next, the influence of the addition of NaCl on a sonochemical reaction was considered. Fig. 12.13 shows the effect of NaCl concentration in water on the yield of product. The amount of product depended on the concentration of NaCl, which was different for each product. The gradient foi H202 was larger than that for H2. Consequently, the product ratio depended on the concentration of NaCl in the solution. 

The corrosion by molten salts was intensively investigated in connection with impurities of combustion gases [431, 433, 434, 436, 464]. The corrosion effect of NaCl in combustion environments is less pronounced, when the sulphur concentration in the fuel is higher [431]. The reason for this behaviour is that at high sulphur concentration Na2S04 is stable and thus the Na20 activity and the formation of sodium silicates is reduced [431]. These processes are analysed in [431, 433, 436]. 

Dietrich, D., Schlatter, C., Blau, N. and Fischer, M. (1989). Aluminium and acid rain mitigating effects of NaCl on aluminium toxicity to brown trout (Salmo truttafario) in acid water. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 19,17-23. 

The Effect of NaCl on the Electrophoretic Mobility of PS Latex Particle. The em of the Dow 357 nm latex in the H-form and Na-form, along with two other Dow monodisperse latexes in the H-form with diameters of 795 and 1100 nm, was measured as a function of NaCl concentration. The results in Figure 1 show that the em for all three latexes increased with increasing concentration of NaCl to a maximum at about 1 x 10 "2 M NaCl followed by a rapid decrease. Converting the electrophoretic mobility to zeta potential, using tables derived by Ottewill and Shaw (6) from the results of Wiersma et al. in order to account for relaxation and retardation effects, led to the same dependency as shown in Figure 2. 

Figure 6. Effect of NaCl solutions of increasing ionic strength (I) on log k for the formation of 3-mercaptopropane nitrile ( ), and 3-mercaptopropionic acid ( O) at pH 8.1 0.1 and 40°C. and are values with MgC12 solutions ...

Li, F., Conroy, E., Visscher, M., and Wickett, R.R. The ability of electrical measurements to predict skin moisturization. I. Effects of NaCl and glycerin on short-term measurements. J. Cosmet. Sci. 2001 52 13-22. 

Figure 5. Effect of NaCl on flavor of beef consomme (9)...

The lower-right panel of figure 6.3 presents data on the effects of NaCl on activity of MDH from pig heart and two vascular plants that differ in salt tolerance (Greenway and Osmond, 1972). Despite NaCl not being a physiologically appropriate salt to use to examine salt effects, these results do illustrate some important points. First, as shown by the comparison of A triplex spongiosa (salt tolerant) and... 

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