Edetates

Alitame (trade name Adame) is a water-soluble, crystalline powder of high sweetness potency (2000X, 10% sucrose solution sweetness equivalence). The sweet taste is clean, and the time—intensity profile is similar to that of aspartame. Because it is a stericaHy hindered amide rather than an ester, ahtame is expected to be more stable than aspartame. At pH 2 to 4, the half-life of aUtame in solution is reported to be twice that of aspartame. The main decomposition pathways (Fig. 6) include conversion to the unsweet P-aspartic isomer (17) and hydrolysis to aspartic acid and alanine amide (96). No cyclization to diketopiperazine or hydrolysis of the alanine amide bond has been reported. AUtame-sweetened beverages, particularly colas, that have a pH below 4.0 can develop an off-flavor which can be avoided or minimized by the addition of edetic acid (EDTA) [60-00-4] (97). 

Ethylene chlorohydrin (2-chloroethanol) Cloperastine Defosfamide Metronidazole Oxypendyl Ethylenediamine Clonidine HCI Edetate disodium Indanazoline Lofexidine HCI Naphazoline Oxymetazoline HCI Penicillin G Benzathine Tetrahydrozoline HCI Tolazoline Tolonidine nitrate Xylometazoline HCI Ethylene dibromide... 

Fluoro uracil mercury Tegafur Formaldehyde Biperiden Bronopol Cortivazol Edetate disodium Glaziovine Hexetidine Meptazinol Metampicillin sodium Methylol riboflavin Nifurfoline Nifurtoinol Noxytiolin Oxymetazoline HCI Phenindamine tartrate Pipebuzone Thihexinol Timonacic sodium Triclobisonium chloride T romethamine Tyloxapol Formamide Cimetide Primidone Protriptyline Razo xane Spiperone Formic acid Bupivacaine... 

CHN 74-90-8) see L-Alanine Alfentanil Dimethadione Edetic acid Ibuprofen Indanorex Mecamylamine Molsidomine Nadoxolol D-Penicillamine Phensuximide L-Tryptophan Vetrabutine hydrogen peroxide... 

CNNa 143-33-9) see Alclofenac Alpidem Amphetaminil Atorvastatin calcium Azatadine Calcium pantothenate Carnitine Clopidogrel hydrogensulfate Clortermine Dexrazoxane Diclofenac Diloxanide Edetic acid Epinastine hydrochloride Ethosuximide Ethotoin Fenoprofen Ibuprofen Irbesartan Ketoprofen Lonazolac Mephenytoin Mepindolol Montelukast sodium Nabilone Oxymetazoline Paramethadione Pentorex Saquinavir Suprofen Thiamphenicol Tolmetin Trimazosin Zolpidem sodium cyanoborohydride... 

The most widely used preservative remains benzalkonium chloride, which often is supplemented with disodium edetate. The benzalkonium chloride defined in the USP monograph is the quaternary ammonium compound alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride, in which the alkyl portion is composed of a mixture of chain lengths ranging from C8 to C16. This compound s popularity is based, despite its compatibility limitations, on its being the most effective and rapid-acting preservative with excellent chemical stability. It is stable over a wide pH range and does not... 

Some strains of P. aeruginosa are resistant to benzalkonium chloride and, in fact, can be grown in solutions concentrated in this agent. This has caused great concern because of the virulent nature of this organism in ocular infections, as discussed previously. Thus, it was an important finding in 1958 that the acquired resistance could be eliminated by the presence of ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (sodium edetate) in the formulation. This action of EDTA has been correlated with its ability to chelate divalent cations, and it is commonly used as a preservative aid [125]. The use of disodium EDTA, where compatible, is recommended in concentrations up to 0.1%. 

Lesser et al (75) used cellulose sheets with fluorescent indicator, acetic acid/0.01M aqueous disodium edetate (3 97), and observed an Rf value of O.78 for hydralazine. On silica gel with fluorescent indicator, the Rf value was less than 0.05 with (a) chloroform/n-heptane/ acetic acid (6 4 1), and (b) cyclohexane/chloroform/ acetonitrile (1 2 1). 

Treatment — Patients should be decontaminated immediately prior to treatment using the decontamination method presented in Section 7.3.3. The Lilly Cyanide Antidote Kit contains amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate. Dimeth-ylaminophenol, cobalt-edetate, or vitamin B12a are alternative antidotes for cyanide poisoning.5... 

Flushed skin Dimethylaminophenol, cobalt-edetate, or vitamin B12a ate... 

Dodds C, McKnight C. 1985. Cyanide toxicity after immersion and the hazards of dicobalt edetate. Br Med J 291 785-786. 

Cyanide present in Edetate Disodium is assayed by titration with AgN03 in neutral solution employing dimethylaminobenzylidenerhodamine as an adsorption indicator with a colour change from yellow to orange. A few typical examples are illustrated below ... 

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