Edema interleukin

Agents which enhance the host s response against neoplasias or force them to differentiate are termed biological response modifiers. Examples include interleukin 2 which is used to treat renal cell carcinoma, interferon a which is active against hematologic neoplasias, and tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid) which is a powerful inducer of differentiation in certain leukemia cells by acting on retinoid receptors. Side effects include influenza like symptoms, changes in blood pressure and edema. 

M29. Miller, E. J., Cohen, A. B and Matthay, M. A., Increased interleukin-8 concentrations in the pulmonary edema fluid of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome from sepsis. Crit. Care Med. 24, 1448-1454 (1996). 

Holmin, S. and Mathiesen T. Intracerebral administration of interleukin-1 beta and induction of inflammation, apoptosis, and vasogenic edema. J. Neurosurg. 92, 108, 2000. 

Reduced capillary permeability and edema at the inflammatory site Increased prostaglandin formation Enhanced formation of interleukins (lL-1, lL-2)... 

Hoover, D.L., Friedlander, A.M., Rogers, L.C., Yoon, I.K., Warren, R.L., Cross, A.S. (1994). Anthrax edema toxin differentially regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte production of tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin-6 by increasing intracellular cyclic AMP. Infect. Immun. 62 4432-9. 

Y. Yamasaki, T. Suzuki, H. Yamaya, N. Matsuura, H. Onodera, and K. Kogure, Possible Involvement of Interleukin-1 in Ischemic Brain Edema Formation, Neuroscience Letters 142 (1992) 45-47. 

Saxon RR, Klein JS, Bar MH, Blanc P, Gamsu G, Webb WR, Aronson FR. Pathogenesis of pulmonary edema during interleukin-2 therapy correlation of chest radiographic and clinical findings in 54 patients. Am J Roentgenol 1991 156(2) 281-5. 

T cell activation and can interfere with cytoskeletal components that prevent interleukin-2 sjmthesis and release. Cytotoxic edema caused by acute cerebral ischemia is associated with reduced diffusion, reflecting the failure of membrane sodium pumps. Altered electrolyte or fluid balance can precede the onset of encephalopathy. This can be shown by fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted MRI images (36). 

IL-2 has been used in the treatment of sohd tumors such as metastatic melanoma, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and colorectal carcinoma. Interleukin-2 infusions are associated with significant dose-dependent toxicity characterized by fevers, malaise, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hepatic dysfunction, pulmonary edema, somnolence, confusion, dysrhythmias, myocardial infarction, hematopoietic suppression, and renal insufficiency [10]. IL-2 has a short serum half-life of 6-10 min and a clearance of 30-60 min after bolus intravenously infusion [11]. Resultant toxicity is generally transient and reversible. It is possible that IL-2 induced renal failure only occurs in the setting of profound hypotension, prior volume depletion, concurrent administration of potentially nephrotoxic drugs, or the presence of underlying renal disease. 

Funatsu H, Yamashita H, Noma H, et al. Increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 in the aqueous humor of diabetics with macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2002 133 70-77. 

Black tea and green tea are major beverages worldwide and have been shown to possess some beneficial health effects. Polyphenolic compounds and caffeine are major constituents of tea. Following a single topical application, 12-0-tetradecanoylphor-bol-13-acetate (TPA) was found to induce a time- and dose-dependent increase in edema as well as formation of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1)... 

Triterpenes are widely distributed in plants, and in many cases are the principles responsible for their anti-inflammatory effects. Many of these compounds are active in different in vivo experimental models such as hind paw edema induced by carrageenan, serotonin and phospholipase A2 ear edema induced by phorbol and daphnane esters, ethylphenylpropiolate, arachidonic acid and capsaicin adjuvant arthritis and experimental models of allergy. Other effects have been studied in vitro, and some triterpenes are active against inflammatory enzymes like 5-lipoxygenase, elastase and phospholipase A2. Others inhibit histamine, collagenase and interleukin release, lipid peroxidation and free radical-mediated processes, metabolism of endogenous corticoids, and complement and protein-kinase activities. 

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