Economy of operation

Modem practice is to maintain the white water system as closed as possible, ie, as much water as is compatible with efficient machine operation is recycled. The loss of fibers and inert furnish components, particularly clay, has been gready reduced. Eiber losses, however, stiU occur into the white water, and greater economy of operation may be achieved if these fibers could be recovered. Thus, it is common to design a fiber-recovery system into the white water cycle. The three general types of save-all fiber recovery are based on filtration (qv), dotation (qv), and sedimentation (qv). If these are operated efficiendy, the net fiber loss can be less than 1%. 

The design and layout of the physical facihties that make up the processing-plant flow sheet are an important aspect in the implementation and successful operation of such systems. Important factors that must be considered in the design and layout of such systems include (1) process performance efficiency, (2) rehability and flexibihty, (3) ease and economy of operation, (4) aesthetics, and (5) environmental controls. 

In some cases, it is desirable to use two-stage compression without intercooling. If the composition of the gas must remain constant throughout the compression and the temperature does not limit, intercoolers cannot be used if condensables are present. Sometimes two stages are used on low k or n value gases to improve the volumetric efficiency. When this is the case and high compression temperatures or economy of operation do not control, it may be advantageous to omit the intercooler. 

Provide maximum efficiency and economy of operation Ensure safe operation at all times... 

One day in the spring of 1937, Dr. ter Meer and Dr. Ambros began the search for another buna site that was to take them, four years later, to Auschwitz. The prosecution contended that the "possible war" turned their feet toward the East. Only one buna plant was in the Rhine Valley, which offered everything they needed water power, calcium deposits, economy of operation. In and beside the Rhine River were water and rail transportation to take the finished rubber to its nearby destinations. 

Furthermore, although total removal of any one of the necessary conditions for a fire will absolutely prevent its occurrence, such stringent restrictions on industrial operations are seldom economically feasible. Industrial materials are, however, studied with a view to ascertaining just how much leeway there is, so that a compromise between absolute fire prevention and economy of operation may be reached. It is for this reason that, while we know how to prevent fires, they still do start, and why loss limitation is such an important part of industrial fire protection... 

During the past several years such stills have been largely replaced by tube or pipe stills because of their lower initial cost, greater throughput, and economy of operation. A common type of operation utilizes a two-stage atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit (13). This type of operation has an important advantage—the asphaltic residue remains at the extreme temperature for only a fraction of a minute in the pipe stills as contrasted to several hours in shell-type stills. 

While the actual efficiency of any real steam engine falls below the theoretical optimum values calculated above, the improved fuel economy of operating the engine with higher boiler temperature Th or reduced exhaust temperature Tc is well known to steam engineers. 

This study case is designed as a free-standing hydrogen plant. Economies of operation could undoubtedly be obtained if this plant can be integrated with the utility system of an existing complex e.g. the 150,000 lb/hr of steam produced from the auxiliary boiler could be more efficiently included in the capacity of a larger boiler. 

Combining refrigeration with oil absorption allowed for additional liquid recoveries and greater economy of operation. Using temperatures as low as -40°F (-40°C), refrigerated oil absorption plants were capable of recovering 70 percent or more of the propane present in the natural gas stream. Recoveries of the butane and heavier constituents were essentially 100 percent. 

Unloading Devices.—Many compressors operate at constant speed, independent of the demands for compressed air and, in order to secure economy of operation for this condition, various types of unloaders have been designed, For small single-stage compressors the Sullivan Machinery Co. provides an un-... 

Significant consolidation across pharmaceutical and related market segments in pursuit of scale economies of operation and production across a global reach... 

Most enzyme reactions take place in a solution of enzyme and substrate in a batchwise process, at the completion of which the enzyme is discarded. As the activity of the enzyme may be scarcely diminished in reactions carried out under optimum conditions, this practice is very wasteful. Immobilization of enzyme by various means prevents its diffusion and permits its later separation from the reaction mixture by simple filtration. Enzyme can be recovered in this way and reused many times, greatly improving the economy of operation. The easy removal... 

As applicable, the RCM 2 process defines what users want in terms of risks, process and operational safety, environmental integrity, quality of the output, control, comfort, economy of operation, customer service, etc. 

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