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Economic Aspects of the Chemical Industry

Since there is a chemical industry, which serves a major part of all industrialized economies, providing in the end synthetic drugs, fertilizers, clothing, building materials, paints, elastomers, etc., there is also the subject [Pg.1]

Early in the twentieth century, the chemical industry was considered to have two parts the manufacture of inorganic chemicals and the manufacture of organic chemicals. Today, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC Index) of the United States Bureau of the Census defines Chemical and Allied Products as comprising three general classes of products (1) basic chemicals such as acids, alkalis, salts, and organic chemicals (2) chemicals to be used in further manufacture such as synthetic fibers, plastics materials, dry colors, and pigments and (3) finished chemical products to be used for ultimate consumer consumption as architectural paints, drugs, cosmetics, and soaps or to be used as materials or supplies in other industries such as industrial paints, adhesives, fertilizers, and explosives. An even broader description that is often considered is that of the chemical [Pg.1]

Because the chemical industry is a major sector of any advanced national economy, a forecast of trends in the chemical industry must fall within certain general guidelines that are established by the national economy. A forecast for the chemical industry in the United States must be within the general boundaries set for the overall social and economic forecasts for the country. [Pg.2]

Another factor in the overall economy that must be considered is that the GNP represents a volume of goods and services measured in value or dollars. This dollar volume is very sensitive to inflation (or deflation). To remove this sensitivity for forecasting purposes, GNP is expressed in constant dollars, dollars deflated by the annual inflation rate to some base year such as 1982. [Pg.2]

Against this brief discussion of the general demographic, societal, and economic factors that govern forecasting. Table 1.1 gives a general picture of the economy of the United States in terms of the GNP and chemical industry production. [Pg.2]


Bailey, Jr., F.E., and Koleske, J.V, Chapter 1, Economic Aspects of the Chemical Industry, in Riegel s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry (9th ed.), James A. Kent (Ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1992. [Pg.82]

Additional chapters in the grouping broadly referred to as infrastructure include the new Recent History of the Chemical Industry 1973 to the Millennium and an update of the chapter titled Economic Aspects of the Chemical Industry, in which some of the material extends information provided in the former. Rounding out the infrastructure group are yet another new chapter Nanotechnology Principles and Applications, together with the earlier ones which cover such diverse and fundamental topics as process safety, emergency preparedness, and applied statistical methods. [Pg.1967]

Chemical Week. A subscription to this publication is very valuable. Like Chemical and Engineering News, it reports on business, economic, and technical aspects of the chemical industry globally. Frequently, longer studies on a particular product or the chemical industry in various countries are published. The Annual Buyers Guide lists the names and addresses of more than 2600 companies and the manufacturers of 16,500 products they produce (LCN TPl. C37). [Pg.2]

Kent, J. A. 2007. Riegel s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology, 11th ed. New York Springer. Reviews the economic, pollution, and safety aspects of the chemical industry and specific processes used to create fertilizers, petroleum, adhesives, dyes, and so on. The 10th edition includes a chapter on industrial cell culture. [Pg.115]

Sustained mutual growth and interdependence of the chemical and information communities should take account of several unique aspects of the chemical sciences. These include extensive and complex databases that characterize the chemical disciplines the importance of multiscale simulations that range from molecules to technological processes the global economic impact of the chemical industry and the industry s major influence on the nation s health, environment, security, and economic well-being. In planning the future of the chemical... [Pg.1]

Though no attempt will be made here to discuss the technical and economic aspects of the alkali industry. Readers are referred to the standard histories L.F. Haber, The Chemical Industry during the Nineteenth Century (Oxford, 1958) idem. The Chemical Industry 1900-1930. International Growth and Technical Change (Oxford, 1971) and K. Warren, Chemical Foundations. The Alkali Industry in Britain to 1926 (Oxford, 1980). [Pg.204]

Thiophene [110-02-1] and a number of its derivatives are significant in fine chemical industries as intermediates to many products for pharmaceutical, agrochemical, dyestuffs, and electronic appHcations. This article concentrates on the industrial, commercial, and economic aspects of the production and apphcations of thiophene and thiophene derivatives and details the main synthetic schemes to the parent ring system and simple alkyl and aryl derivatives. Functionalization of the ring and the synthesis of some functional derivatives that result, not from the parent ring system, but by direct ring cyclization reactions are also considered. Many good reviews on the chemistry of thiophene and thiophene derivatives are available (1 7). [Pg.17]

Since there is a chemical industry that serves a major portion of all industrialized economies, providing in the end synthetic drugs, polymers and plastics, fertilizers, textiles, building materials, paints and coatings, colorants and pigments, elastomers, and so on, there is also a subject, chemical economics, and it is this subject, the economics of the chemical industry, that is the concern of this chapter. Of course, the chemical industry does not exist alone, rather it interacts with many aspects of the global economy. [Pg.63]

The rate of a reaction may also be increased by finding a catalyst, a substance that takes part in a reaction by providing an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy but is regenerated in the process and is therefore not consumed. Catalysis is the foundation of the chemical industry and a great effort is made to discover or fabricate efficient, economical catalysts. It is also the foundation of fife, because the biological catalysts known as enzymes (elaborate protein molecules) control almost every aspect of an organism s function, see also Catalysis and Catalysts Enzymes Physical Chemistry. [Pg.707]

An important aspect of cooperation between different branches of trade was the relationship between banks and new technologies. A major difference between Britain and Germany lay in the mechanisms of fmance, as described in the early 1950s by Alexander Gerschenkron, who showed this to be the key factor in economic development. German banks, as is well known, cooperated much more closely with industry than their British counterparts. It is pertinent to consider what this meant for the development and success of the chemical industry. [Pg.114]

A catalyst is a material that accelerates a reaction rate towards thennodynamic equilibrium conversion without itself being consumed in the reaction. Reactions occur on catalysts at particular sites, called active sites , which may have different electronic and geometric structures than neighbouring sites. Catalytic reactions are at the heart of many chemical industries, and account for a large fraction of worldwide chemical production. Research into fiindamental aspects of catalytic reactions has a strong economic motivating factor a better understanding of the catalytic process... [Pg.937]


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