Echium oil

Echium oil is mainly composed of a-linolenic (30-33%), linoleic (14-18%), y-linolenic (10-13%), stearidonic (13-15%), oleic (14—17%), and palmitic (6-7%) acids. Like other vegetable oils, echium oil contains between 0.6% and 1.8% unsa-ponifiable matter. The oil samples analyzed by Bioriginal Food Science Corp. showed an average content of 0.91% total unsaponihable matter, campesterol was 15.71%, beta-sitosterol was 12.53%, stigmasterol was 0.55%, and others were 33.52%. Tocopherols constituted 8.37% of total unsaponihable matter and consisted of alpha- (0.53%), gamma- (6.92%), and delta-(0.92%) tocopherols. The fatty acid prohle of echium oil is given in Table 3. 

Bell, J. G. Strachan F. Good, J. E. Tocher. D.R. effect of dietary echium oil on growth, fatty acid composition and metabolism, gill prostaglandin production and macrophage activity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Aquaculture Res 2006, 37 606-617. 

Alhazzaa, R. Bridle, A. R. Nichols, P. D. Carter C. G. Replacing dietary fish oil with Echium oil enriched barramundi with C-18 PUFA rather than long-chain PUFA. Aquaculture 2011, 312,162-171. 

Croda Chemicals Europe Ltd. has developed Echium oil om Echiumplanlagineum for use as... 

The Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes. (2006) Refined Echium Oil. The Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes. Available via http //www.acnfp.gov. uk/assess/fullapplics/refechiumoil. Cited 17 Aug 2007... 

Of the above discussed sources of GLA, the commercial oils are mainly produced from borage and evening primrose. Black currant oil is limited as a result of availability of seeds for oil production, whereas hemp is still subject to trade restrictions in many countries because of the potential tetrahydrocannabinoid (THC) content. Echium is a new crop and has not been commercialized to any signihcant extent so far. All of these seeds are processed following general methods of oil extraction common in the vegetable oil industry as discussed here. 

Crossential SA-14. See Vipers bugloss (Echium plantagineum) oil Crosslink PS 505. See Polyethylene Crosslink WA 405. See Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose Crosslinked cellulose gum Crosslinked CMC Crosslinked NaCMC. See Croscarmellose sodium... 

Viosorb 520. See Drometrizole Viosorb 910. See Etocrylene Viosterol. See Ergocalciferol Vipers bugloss (Echium plantagineum) oil CAS 84988-87-4 EINECS/ELINCS 284-877-7 Uses Nutritional supplement anti-irritant for skin care prods. anti-inflammatory for joints, eczema, PMS, skin exposed to UV radiation stress reliever promotes cardiovascular function drug delivery Trade Name Synonyms Crossential SA-14 [Croda Inc http //www.croda.com]... 

Hydrocotyl (Centella asiatica) extract Phenyl salicylate Salicylamide Stearyl glycyrrhetinate anti-inflammatory agent, PMS Vipers bugloss (Echium plantagineum) oil anti-inflammatory agent, respiratory Amylase... 

Ethyl hydrolyzed keratin Hydrolyzed collagen Hydrolyzed rice protein Sea parsley (Palmaria palmata) extract Soluble collagen Vipers bugloss (Echium plantagineum) oil anti irritant, skin care Dipotassium glycyrrhizate anti-irritant, skin creams/lotions Hydrolyzed wheat protein anti-irritant, soaps Hydrolyzed wheat protein... 

Ethyl linoleate Linolenic acid y-Linolenic acid Nervonic acid Vipers bugloss (Echium plantagineum) oil drug delivery system material Poly (lactic acid-glycolic acid) drug delivery system, capsule colon specific Chitosan... 

L-Alanine Carotene Cholecalciferol Choline bitartrate Chondroitin sulfate Copper iodide (ous) DL-Leucine Linolenic acid Olive (Olea europaea) oil Pancreatin D-Phenylalanine DL-Phenylalanine Propionic anhydride Silicon Sodium chloride Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) extract Thiamine HCI Vipers bugloss (Echium plantagineum) oil... 

Vipers bugloss (Echium plantagineum) oil 85005-39-6 Aluminum lanolate 85005-40-9 Magnesium lanolate 85005-44-3 Glyceryl lanolate Ivarlan 3360... 

Two plants that contain PAs, echium Echium plantagineum) and borage (Borago officinalis), each provide a valuable oil that is nutritious on account of its fatty acid profile. There is some concern that PAs might be present in oils from these plants, an issue addressed by analysis using simple liquid-liquid extraction processes in which a solutimi of the oil in a non-polar solvent is shaken with dilute aqueous acid. The method had an LOD of 0.6 pg when applied to borage oil, including a PANO reduction step [12,13]. The procedure has had little application, and has not revealed a health problem. 

Some novel seed oils contain a relatively high proportion of 18 4n-3, such as oils from blackcurrant seeds, redcurrant seeds, alpine currant seeds, and Echium species (Table 7). As a precursor of 20 4n-3 (see Figure 1), 18 4n-3 is regarded as a good source of long-chain n-3 PUFA and appears to possess a higher biological activity than ALA (Petrick et al., 2000). 

GuU-Guerrero, JL, Gomez-Mercado, FF, Garcia-Morato, P and Campra-Madrid, P (2000) Occurrence and characterization of oils rich in y-hnolenic acid Part 1 Echium seeds from Macronesia. Phytochemistry, 53,451-456. 

Purification of stearidonic acid and its derivatives with transition metals capable of forming rr-complexes has been demonstrated. Fatty acids of seed oil of Echium plantagineum containing 12.2 wt% stearidonic acid were converted to ethyl esters and treated with silver nitrate solution. After various extraction procedures an ethyl ester phase containing 94.6 wt% stearidonic acid was obtained (Coupland and Newbould, 1997). 

---