DuPont competitors

And the Verbindungsmanner sent your office reports on prices and tariffs — very well, that was economic." Belle showed him a letter written by Ilgner to the General Aniline and Film Corporation. "This, it appears, is also in your hand Inform us immediately and with the utmost precision of each step taken by our chemical competitors, especially DuPont. "... 

To protect intellectual property investments, membrane companies often patent families of polymers. For example, in the gas and vapor separation area, a family of polyimides were patented by DuPont [20] while their competitors Dow and Air Products patented families of polycarbonates [21] and polyarylates [22], respectively. 

DuPont Dow Elastomers earlier FreeFlow grades incorporated an ethylene copolymer and a small quantity of polyethylene glycol. These alloys were said to reduce melt fracture and to give improved high temperature resistance at long residence times. The additives were also cheaper than their competitors and were awarded Einopean and FDA clearance for food contact. The ethylene copolymer reduced the interactions with HALS that lead to lengthy initial conditioning times. 

In the early 1960s when spandex production started in earnest there were four manufacturers E.I. DuPont deNemours (Lycra spandex), Monsanto, Globe Manufacturing (Glospan Cleerspan spandex), and American Cyanamid. At that time DuPont controlled approximately 80% of the market. Since then, Monsanto and Cyanamid have ceased manufacturing and DuPont expanded international production, but eventually sold its fiber business to Invista. Additional competitors have appeared on both the national and international scene. In the USA Lycra spandex is the best known of the competitors. 

Thermogravimetry involves the continuous recording of mass versus temperature or time as a sample is heated in a furnace with a controlled environment. The sample may be heated at a constant rate or held at an isothermal temperature. Madorsky (35) and Jellinek (36) authored major books dealing with thermogravimetry of polymers. The era of modem automated thermogravimetiy started with the introduction of the electrobalance by Cahn and Schultz (37). Other competitors, such as DuPont, Mettler, and Perkin-Elmer, introduced their products in rapid succession. 

Because both electroactive species are anions, a cation exchange membrane is employed to separate these two electrolytes. Because tribromide in the positive side shows strong oxidizability after battery charge, it requires a membrane with good resistance against oxidizing reactirMis. The Nation ion-exchange membrane by DuPont shows exceptional stability over many competitors [17],... 

Finally, the DuPont model can be used as a sales instrument in business-to-business (B2B) commerce. Prospective customers can see how their ROE could improve if they buy one company s service or product instead of a competitor s. 

Much of the success of the RISTON and CROMALIN was derived from the availability of an exclusive, novel photoinifiator system based on hexaarylbiimidazole photoini-fiators. The exclusivity was derived from a determined effort earlier in the Organic Chemicals Department of DuPont to obtain composition of matter patents, which eliminated competitors from applying this technology to their products. These photoinitiators were patented in 1974 and provided DuPont with a unique photooxidants and photopolymerization initiators. 

By the time the basic patent issued, imaging products using HABI chemistry had been on the market for five years. No competitors were forced out of the market when this patent issued, however, because DuPont had patented HABI-containing imaging systems in a number of other patents. Before the basic patent issued, DuPont had already obtained almost fifty other patents on various aspects of HABI technology. These patents were derived from applications that had been filed years after the basic HABI patent had been filed, but which had issued before the basic HABI patent issued. This was just the reverse of the usual situation in which the basic composition of matter patent is obtained early in the patent program and the life of the patent estate is extended by later obtained article of manufacture and method patents. In this case, the basic patent issued after a considerable patent estate had been assembled. 

This is not to say that DuPont did not have any competition there were numerous competitors. However, the competitors had to invent around DuPont s technology, that is, develop their own technology, instead of copying DuPont s. This patent gave DuPont an important competitive position in the photoresist market and in the proofing and printing market during this period. 

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