Dry cleaning products

Trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane are used in correction fluids, dry-cleaning products, degreasing sprays, and solvents and spot removers. Bromochlorodifluoro-methane is a compound found in halon fire extinguishers that is abused. Freon is used for refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Anesthetics include halothane, chloroform, and the local anesthetic ethyl chloride. Methylene chloride is a component of rubber cement, paint strippers, and degreasing agents, and fluorocarbons are present in many types of aerosol sprays. 

Carbon tetrachloride is used in spot removers, fire extinguishers, dry cleaning products, fumigants, solvents, and pesticides [143]. It is used to clean metal (primarily on aluminum parts) in machinery maintenance and as a raw material for certain oil additives. 

Products and Uses An aromatic compound that is not in current use in consumer products. It occurs naturally in crude oil also found in gasoline and petroleum mixes. Still found in old cosmetics, perfumes, nail polish remover, airplane glues, lacquers, dry-cleaning products, paint, spot remover, varnish, stain, and sealant. Was used for solvents, coatings, and various other uses. 

Products and Uses Banned from all uses in 1996 due to ozone depletion concerns. Previously found in spot removers, fire extinguishers and dry-cleaning products as a fumigant, solvent, and pesticide. 

Products and Uses Derived from coal tar. Used as a thinner and solvent. Various chemical uses include in paint, solvents, lacquers, art supplies, nail polish, cosmetics, dry-cleaning products, spot removers, waxes, gasoline, detergents, dyes, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, and adhesive solvent for plastic toys and novelties. 

The receiving flask contents should contain a very pure product. There is no need to clean up any further. For the next stage however they wilt need to be dried over sodium sulphate. This can either be done now or later. Now is better, dry your product before you weigh it and place it in a screw capped bottle ready for the Grignard reaction. 

Colorless dyes of the chlorinated diphenyl ether—ureasulfonic acid type (Mitin [3567-25-7] (158)) and the (polychloro-2-chloromethylsulfonamido)-diphenyl ether type (Eulan (159)) appHed at 1—3% of the fabric weight are the most widely used during the fabrication of woolens. They cannot be removed by dry cleaning and provide protection from fabric pests over the lifetime of the product. 

Apphcation chemists are most interested in physical and functional properties contributed by the sulfonate moiety, such as solubility, emulsification, wetting, foaming, and detersive properties. Products can be designed to meet various criteria including water solubility, water dispersibility, and oil solubility. The polar SO moiety contributes detersive properties to lube oil sulfonates and dry-cleaning sulfonates. 

Most flexible foams produced are based on polyether polyols ca 8—10% (15—20% in Europe) of the total production is based on polyester polyols. Elexible polyether foams have excellent cushioning properties, are flexible over a wide range of temperatures, and can resist fatigue, aging, chemicals, and mold growth. Polyester-based foams are superior in resistance to dry cleaning and can be flame-bonded to textiles. 

Polystyrene. Polystyrene [9003-53-6] is a thermoplastic prepared by the polymerization of styrene, primarily the suspension or bulk processes. Polystyrene is a linear polymer that is atactic, amorphous, inert to acids and alkahes, but attacked by aromatic solvents and chlorinated hydrocarbons such as dry cleaning fluids. It is clear but yellows and crazes on outdoor exposure when attacked by uv light. It is britde and does not accept plasticizers, though mbber can be compounded with it to raise the impact strength, ie, high impact polystyrene (HIPS). Its principal use in building products is as a foamed plastic (see Eoamed plastics). The foams are used for interior trim, door and window frames, cabinetry, and, in the low density expanded form, for insulation (see Styrene plastics). 

Tetrachloroethylene was first prepared ia 1821 by Faraday by thermal decomposition of hexachloroethane. Tetrachloroethylene is typically produced as a coproduct with either trichloroethylene or carbon tetrachloride from hydrocarbons, partially chloriaated hydrocarbons, and chlorine. Although production of tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene from acetylene was once the dominant process, it is now obsolete because of the high cost of acetylene. Demand for tetrachloroethylene peaked ia the 1980s. The decline ia demand can be attributed to use of tighter equipment and solvent recovery ia the dry-cleaning and metal cleaning iadustries and the phaseout of CFG 113 (trichlorotrifluoroethane) under the Montreal Protocol. 

World capacity and demand for tetrachloroethylene were approximately 1100 and 845 thousand metric tons ia 1974, respectively. Although demand iacreased iato the mid-1980s, siace then demand for tetrachloroethylene has decreased significantly as a result of the phaseout of chlorofluorocarbons, the use of more efficient dry-cleaning equipment, and iacreased reclamation of waste solvent. World capacity and demand as of 1988 are provided ia Table 2 Several United States manufacturers have shut down faciUties ia the last fifteen years. Current manufacturers and their capacities are Hsted ia Table 3. United States production and sales history is shown ia Table 4. 

Approximately 50% of the demand for tetrachloroethylene is in the dry-cleaning industry where about 80% of all dry cleaners use it as their primary cleaning agent. Use as a feedstock for chlorofluorocarbon production accounts for 30% of current demand. Metal cleaning and miscellaneous appHcations represent 12 and 8% of demand, respectively. The miscellaneous appHcations include such varied uses as transformer insulating fluid, chemical maskant formulations, and as a process solvent for desulfurizing coal. 

There will be some differences and it is a quantitative question, whether or not they can be tolerated or not. For a final decision, test runs in a pilot plant should be carried out with freshly frozen product and such which has been resting for 5 h before drying. These tests are recommended because the methods mentioned above use different sized samples in different configuration than are used in the production. The amount of product and its geometrical dimension will also influence the structure as well as the number of crystallization nuclei in the product, which can be very different in a normal laboratory and in a clean production area. 

We had bought another house with the help of relatives. I felt like everything in the world was making me sick. My brain was so dysfunctional and chemicals were affecting me so badly that I couldn t drive a car, I couldn t read, I couldn t remember my phone number or address, and I lost my sense of direction. That s when my doctors started to teach us what it means to make a house safe. We had to get rid of all our clothes—four closets full—that had just been dry cleaned. We had to get rid of all the cleaning products, colognes, nail polish. All that stuff. 

---