Site-specific drug delivery

Drug delivery Site-specific delivery of drugs. Ideally, these NPs could bear a pharmaceutical drug that could be driven to the target organ and be released there. 

N. Bodor, Novel Approaches to the Design of Safer Drugs Soft Drugs and Site-Specific Chemical Delivery Systems , in Advances in Drug Research , Ed. B. Testa, Academic Press, London, Vol. 13, 1984, p. 255-331. 

In 1980, Stella and Himmelstein [5] introduced the principles of pharmacokinetic modelling into the field of pro-drugs and site-specific delivery. In 1986, Hunt et al. [6] extended the model of Stella and Himmelstein by taking into account a specific area where toxicity occurs. Their work may be considered as the frame of reference for later work in this area. 

Novel approaches to the design of safer drugs Soft drugs and site-specific chemical delivery systems, 13, 255... 

Researchers at Rutgers University have developed biocompatible polymers that degrade into nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. For example, the reaction of two equivalents of benzyl salicylate and one equivalent of sebacoyl chloride forms a poly(anhydride ester) called PolyAspirin, which hydrolyzes to salicylic acid (an anti-inflammatory agent) and sebacic acid, which is excreted. This technology can perhaps be used for localized drug delivery at specific sites of injury. What is the structure of PolyAspirin ... 

The first purpose, drug targeting, is defined as selective drug delivery to specific physiological sites—organs, tissues, or cells—where a drug s pharmacological activities are... 

The potential use of poloxamers in the medical field has been extensively investigated [5,35]. The use of poloxamers in drug delivery, as gels in the controlled release of drugs and in solid form in the targetting of drugs at specific sites in the body, has received significant atten-... 

Polymeric microparticles have been studied and developed for several years. Their contribution in the pharmacy field is of utmost importance in order to improve the efficiency of oral delivery of drugs. As drug carriers, polymer-based microparticles may avoid the early degradation of active molecules in undesirable sites of the gastrointestinal tract, mask unpleasant taste of drugs, reduce doses and side effects and improve bioavailability. Also, they allow the production of site-specific drug targeting, which consists of a suitable approach for the delivery of active molecules into desired tissues or cells in order to increase their efficiency. 

Davis, S. S., and Ilium, L. (1986). Colloidal delivery systems opportunities and challenges, in Site-Specific Drug Delivery (E. Tomlinson and S. S. Davis, eds.), John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 93-110. 

Poste, G., and Kirsh, R. (1983). Site-specific (targeted) drug delivery in cancer chemotherapy. Biotechnology, 1, 869-878. 

Tomlinson, E. (1987). Theory and practice of site-specific drug delivery, Adv. Drug Del. Rev.. 1, 87-198. 

Tomlinson E. Davis S.S. (eds) (1986) Site Specific Drug Delivery. Chichester John Wiley. (This deals in part with monoclonal antibodies.)... 

In this section, we focus on how to determine DD sites by NMR. The specification of the DD sites in bilayers can be done by utilizing the NMR signals of both drugs and membrane lipids. An example of the delivery site determination is given for the case of two benzene derivatives, propylbenezene (PrBe) and benzyl alcohol (BzOH) in egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) bilayers [46]. Alkylbenzenes are suspected to be endocrine disruptors, and BzOH is one of the local anesthetics. 

It has been generally accepted that anesthetics interact with membrane lipids as a primary step of anesthesia. The detailed mechanism of the anesthetic action is, however, still controversial. This is mainly due to the absence of specific information on delivery sites in membranes. The NMR data for the delivery site of drugs in membranes are of great use. 

Although the drug delivery to the lipid bilayer membrane is just the first step for bioactivities and phopholipid vesicles are rather simple in view of the composite structure of biomembranes, the unambiguous specification of the preferential location of the drug is essential the successive processes of the action are expected to be induced via the delivery site in membranes. We expect more advances in the dynamic NMR study, so that we can get insight into the mechanism of DD in membranes. 

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