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Drug action antibiotics

The discovery of the base-paired, double-helical structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) provides the theoretic framework for determining how the information coded into DNA sequences is replicated and how these sequences direct the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins. Already clinical medicine has taken advantage of many of these discoveries, and the future promises much more. For example, the biochemistry of the nucleic acids is central to an understanding of virus-induced diseases, the immune re-sponse, the mechanism of action of drugs and antibiotics, and the spectrum of inherited diseases. [Pg.215]

Much information on the mechanism of action and cross-resistance of purine analogues has been obtained in bacteria, some of which are quite sensitive to certain of these compounds in vitro. There is a great deal of variation in response of the various bacteria to a particular agent and of a particular bacterium to the various cytotoxic purine analogues. Some, if not most, of these differences are probably due to differences in the anabolism of the various compounds. Despite the fact that certain purine analogues have quite a spectrum of antibacterial activity in vitro, none has been useful in the treatment of bacterial infections in vivo because their toxicity is not selective—the metabolic events whose blockade is responsible for their antibacterial activity are also blocked in mammalian cells and thus inhibition of bacterial growth can only be attained at the cost of prohibitive host toxicity. In contrast, the sulpha drugs and antibiotics such as penicillin act on metabolic events peculiar to bacteria. [Pg.105]

Laparoscopic catheterization of the ronnd ligament of liver was condncted in 16 patients. Catheterization of the cellnlar tissne of the ronnd ligament was performed by its centesis with a thin trocar at the point of projection of the ligament on the anterior abdominal wall and gniding of the catheter with 1-2 mm diameter to the depth of 5-7 cm. With snbseqnent introdnction into the cellular tissue of the round ligament in a single step or by drops of 0.25% solution of novocaine, broad-spectrum action antibiotics, spasmolytic, antihistamine and anti-enzymatic preparations and cytostatic drugs in qnantities determined by the severity of the disease. The duration of catheterization was 6 1 days. [Pg.243]

Because peptidoglycans are unique to bacterial cell walls, with no known homologous structures in mammals, the enzymes responsible for their synthesis are ideal targets for antibiotic action. Antibiotics that hit specific bacterial targets are sometimes called magic bullets. Penicillin and its many synthetic analogs have been used to treat bacterial infections since these drugs came into wide application in World War II. [Pg.779]

Dactinomycin is an antitumor antibiotic isolated from a Streptomyces organism. It binds tightly to double-stranded DNA through intercalation between adjacent guanine-cytosine base pairs and inhibits all forms of DNA-dependent RNA synthesis, with ribosomal RNA formation being most sensitive to drug action. [Pg.1301]

Q12 Pharmacological treatment of peptic ulcers aims to restore the balance between mucosal defence and mucosal damage by acid and pepsin in the stomach wall. The general mechanisms of drug action include (i) inhibition of acid secretion, (ii) neutralization of the acid with antacid preparations, (iii) eradication of H. pylori with antibiotics and (iv) enhancement of the mechanisms which protect the mucosa. [Pg.275]

The covalent binding of labeled penicillins to penicillin-binding proteins has been used in numerous studies including drug discovery, antibiotic mechanisms of action and resistance, and cell wall physiology.61... [Pg.520]

Anthracycline antibiotics represented by daunomycin and adriamycin are weU known as anticancer agents and their reaction mechanisms with DNA have been extensively studied. However, an approach to understand the mechanism of drug action based on organic synthesis is still open. [Pg.1170]

PJL Daniels. Aminoglycoside Antibiotics, Drug Action and Drug Resistance in Bacteria, vol. 2. Baltimore University Park Press, 1975, pp 77-111. [Pg.348]

Several drugs and antibiotics, and other poisons, possess this uncoupling power. More interesting to the biochemist, perhaps, is the fact that a naturally occurring substance of the body, the hormone thyroxine, produced by the thyroid gland in the neck, also seems to be able to uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation, though this is certainly not its primary site of action. [Pg.214]

Moderate LDL reductions may be achieved with oral administration of up to 2 g of neomycin. It forms insoluble complexes with intestinal bile acids, preventing their recirculation as occurs with the resins. This action is unrelated to the drug s antibiotic properties. Combinations with nicotinic acid have been effective. [Pg.524]

LOCAL FACTORS Antibiotic activity may be rednced significantly in pns, which contains phagocytes, cellular debris, and proteins that can bind dmgs or create conditions nnfavorable to drug action. The low pH that is characteristically found in abscesses and many confined infected sites can markedly reduce the activity of some agents, particularly the aminoglycosides. [Pg.710]

Mitsuhashi, S. (ed.) Drug action and drug resistance in bactmia 2. aminoglycoside antibiotics. University Park Press Tokyo 1975... [Pg.161]

Radical prodnction is the essence of the action of certain drugs, some antibiotics, and psoralens they may be activated by UV light, while the male contraceptive gossipol acts via ROS formation, the ROS damaging the spermatozoa motility (Bartosz, 1995). Becanse ROS induce apoptosis, they are experimented with in selective killing of cancer cells (Sen et al., 1998 Heimli et al., 2001)... [Pg.148]

Moroxydine (512) was first synthesized by introducing morpholine to dicyanodiamidine [667], but an improved method is the oxidation of amidinothiourea (510) with hydrogen peroxide and sodium molybdate dihydrate to give (511) followed by reaction with morpholine [374] Scheme 5.120.). This avoids the evolution of methyl mercaptan. The drug has antibiotic properties and some action as an influenza suppressant [668]. [Pg.300]

Most of the examples published deal with the interaction of anesthetics with membranes, but calcium channel openers, P-blockers, antimalarials, anticancer drugs and antibiotics have also been examined, and the NMR signals of atoms and groups of the lipid and of the drug molecules have been followed and described as a function of the interaction. For the interaction of anesthetics and the involved mechanism of action, the reader s attention is directed to a review [45]. [Pg.196]


See other pages where Drug action antibiotics is mentioned: [Pg.145]    [Pg.153]    [Pg.59]    [Pg.169]    [Pg.537]    [Pg.128]    [Pg.161]    [Pg.261]    [Pg.33]    [Pg.182]    [Pg.442]    [Pg.578]    [Pg.128]    [Pg.291]    [Pg.19]    [Pg.199]    [Pg.1269]    [Pg.189]    [Pg.707]    [Pg.13]    [Pg.400]    [Pg.23]    [Pg.1243]    [Pg.688]    [Pg.269]    [Pg.169]    [Pg.82]    [Pg.445]    [Pg.858]    [Pg.419]    [Pg.449]    [Pg.48]    [Pg.2]   


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