Drosophila, recessive mutations

Zijistra JA, Vogel EW. 1988. The ratio of induced recessive lethals to ring-x loss has prognostic value in terms of functionally of chemical mutagenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Mutat Res 201 27-38. 

Carbon tetrachloride was not mutagenic in bacteria. It induced intra-chromosomal and mitotic recombination but not aneuploidy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, aneuploidy was detected in another single study in Aspergillus nidulans. In vivo, in a single study with Drosophila melanogaster, no sex-linked recessive mutations were observed. 

DMX, Drosophila melanogaster, sex-linked lethal recessive mutations DIA, DNA strand breaks/cross-links, L1220 mouse leukaemic... 

Ethylene dibromide induced delayed sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in spermatozoa and spermatids of adult Drosophila males. Mutations were detected in F3 generations as well as in the conventional F2 generations. 

Vinyl chloride is mutagenic in Salmonella Typhlmurlum and Bechertehla eoli (ref. 58, p. 3) also in the yeast mutation assay, the Drosophila recessive lethal test and in the host-mediated assay... 

In contrast with rare, lethal recessive mutation, extensive studies in Drosophila have shown that the most frequent mutations cure those with only mild effects. In Drosophila, these cure detected as a small reduction in the probability of surviving to adulthood or a small decrease in fertility. Such mutations also are not completely recessive. Therefore, they, like their more drastic recessive counterparts, are eliminated from the population in the heterozygous state. 

Lee, W.R., S. Abrahamson, R. Valencia, E.S. von Halle, F.E. Wtirgler, and S. Zimmering. The sex-linked recessive lethal test for mutagenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Mutat. Res. (in press)... 

Mitomycin C has exhibited mutagenic properties in vitro. It induced chromosomal aberrations in drosophila oocytes and dominant and recessive mutations in wasp habrobracon. 

Thioacetamide induced an increase in sex-linked recessive mutations in Drosophila. It was non-mutagenic in the SalmonellalAmes mutagenicity assay, and in the Escherichia coli recombination assay. Protein synthesis in mouse hepatoma (MH-134), but not in L-929 cells, was enhanced by adding thioacetamide. 

Mouse bone marrow mioronuoleus test Looks for small nucleus-like structures in erythrocytes from bone marrow of animals exposed to the test substance these micronuclei are due to material from damaged chromosomes not included in the daughter nuclei during the metaphase-anaphase transition of mitosis, and left behind in the erythrocytes after expulsion of the nucleus from the erythroblasts Drosophila recessive lethal mutation test Looks for increased embryonic lethality in Drosophila melanogaster, a fly species, due to recessive mutations induced by the test substance... 

Isono, K. and Kikuchi, T. (1974). Autosomal recessive mutation in sugar response of Drosophila. Nature, 248, 243-4. 

Information obtained in Drosophila is a little different from that found in the silkworm. Brewen and Nix, " experimenting on Salmonella, reported that the Drosophila microsome fraction could activate AAF very effectively when it was prepared from the adult, although the chemical was not mutagenically positive in the recessive mutation test. Likewise, Kasturi Bai observed strong metabolic activation capacity of Drosophila microsomes on AAF not only in the adult but also in the larva. 

TK or HPRT forward mutation assays in cultured mammalian ceils Drosophila sex-linked recessive lethal assay... 

Insect systems Drosophila melanogaster (sex-linked recessive lethal test) Recessive lethal mutation + Velazquez et al. 1984... 

Sex-linked recessive lethal mutations were not produced in Drosophila fed ethanol solution containing 50 ppm 1,2-diphenylhydrazine for 3 days (Yoon et al. 1985). No oral genotoxicity studies of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine in mammals were located. 

Sex-linked recessive Drosophila melanogaster/ lethal mutation feeding... 

Vogel, E., Blijleven, W.G.H., Kortselius, M.J.H. and Zijlstra, J.A. (1981) Mutagenic activity of 17 coded compounds in the sex-linked recessive lethal test in Drosophila melanogaster, in Progress in Mutation Research, Volume 1 Evaluation of Short-Term Tests Carcinogens (eds F.J. de Serres and J. Ashby), Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

In a test for sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila, Wild et al. 8 found no evidence of mutagenicity of CS. More than 9,000 chromosomes were tested, and the frequencies of mutations in the treated groups did not differ from those in the concurrent negative controls or the historical negative controls. The available information on the toxicity of CS under the treatment conditions is minimal. The actual dosages received by the flies are also uncertain, particularly because CS breaks down rapidly in water. Nevertheless, the available data give no indication of mutagenicity of CS in Drosophila. 

Like many other Irritants, PS has not been tested thoroughly for mutagenicity. However, in one early study, Auerbach tested its capacity to Induce sex-linked recessive lethal mutations In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. In all broods of flies derived from PS-treated males, the mutation frequencies were consistent with those of untreated laboratory stocks. A total of 4,454 chromosomes were tested, and the mutation frequency was 0.2%. In contrast, flies treated with mustard gas had a frequency of 5.2%. 

A small increase in somatic mutation frequency was reported in the eye-colour spot test with Drosophila melanogaster exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the feed but no effect was observed in two independent wing-spot tests. In a single study, mitotic recombination was not induced by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate neither was sex-linked recessive lethal mutation induced in two studies in D. melanogaster treated with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the feed or by injection. When administered to D. melanogaster, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and A-nitrosodiethylamine induced DNA double-strand breakage and DNA repair, although neither compound was active when administered alone. 

Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate did not induce gene mutations, sister chromatid exchanges, chromosomal aberrations or micronuclei in rodent cells in vitro. It did not induce sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila when administered either by diet or injection. Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate was not mutagenic to either Photo-... 

Drosophila melanogaster, sex-linked recessive lethal mutations - 1267 in feed Wild el a/. (1983)... 

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