Glucose detection

The simple cases where one enzyme is employed afford a limited scope of potential targets. Usually two or more enzyme reactions are coupled, as exemplified by the development of a piezoelectricaHy-transduced biocatalytic biosensor that couples two enzyme reactions to detect glucose [492-62-6] ... 

The simple cases where one enzyme is employed afford a limited scope of potential targets. Usually two or more enzyme reactions are coupled, as exemplified by the development of a piezoelectrically-transduced biocatalytic biosensor that couples two enzyme reactions to detect glucose [492-62-6], C6H120 > (3) (13). In this biosensor a quartz radio crystal is functionalized with the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. As shown in Figure 3, a thin film of Prussian blue [14038 43-8], C18N18Fe7, is then coated onto the crystal. 

Matsumoto et al (41) prepared a multi-enzyme electrode using glucose oxidase, invertase, mutarotase, fructose-5-dehydrogenase, and catalase to simultaneously detect glucose, fructose, and sucrose in fruit juices and soft drinks. Detection of multi-components by enzyme sensors was also reported in analysis of sucrose and glucose in honey (42) and drinks (43), and L-malate and L-lactate in wines (44). 

The MAS does not represent a rapid throughput procedure, but because there is no sample extraction or other manipulation prior to analysis, it represents an unbiased method in which changes in tissues can be studied, and as appropriate, compared to alterations observed in biofluids. In this manner, MAS is synergistic with and complimentary to analysis of biofluids by metabonomic applications. Figure 2 shows the typical NMR-MAS spectra from the liver of a control and galactosamine-treated rat. This method readily detects glucose and glycogen, choline and related metabolites and a variety of lipids, and fatty acids. An example of the utility of NMR-MAS data in concert with biofluid analyses is described later in this review. 

Figure 18.1 Schematic of conducting polymer PEDOT functionalized with GOx, operating as a biosensor for detecting glucose levels...

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