Drop-casting technique

More recently, another example of a Pc-based system (31) (Fig. 27a) able to self-organize on HOPG and graphite-like surfaces by drop-casting technique was reported. AFM studies revealed that the covalently linked Pc-C6o fullerene conjugate 31 is able to form nanostructured fibers and films (Fig. 27b) [48],... 

Aromatic amines are frequently used as xerographic materials and incorporated in OLEDs,[139] while reports of their use as the semiconductor material in OFETs are few. Only very recently triarylamine polymers have been used in OFETs.[140,141] Star-shaped molecules with triphenylamine core and carbazole (20a, 20c-20d) or fluorene (20b) side groups have all been characterized in OFETs (Figure 3.1.7).[142] Devices containing these materials were fabricated using a drop casting technique and showed mobilities on the order of 10 cm V s with good stability under ambient conditions. 

More interestingly, the self-organization of Pc-C ) dyads on surfaces (by drop-casting technique) and in liquid crystals has also been reported. High electrical conductivity values were measured by conductive-AFM for some of these Pc-containing nanostructures, pointing to an evident relationship between the electrical properties and the supramolecular order of the Pc-Ceo conjugates. 

Monoamine oxidase amperometric biosensor based on SPE were also modified with MWCNT by using the drop casting technique for the determination of antidepressants in model solutions and dosage forms. The authors used BSA protein which provided a matrix for the immobilization of the enzyme and protection of the enzyme activity when glutaraldehyde is used as a linker. Serafin et aZ. developed a label free dual immunosensor for the determination of human growth and prolactin hormones. The electrochemical immunosensor was based on CNT modify carbon SPE platform with the presence of poly(ethylene-dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and gold nanoparticles. Again, the hybrid nano-material composite facilitated a proper immobilization of the antibody on the electrode matrix. 

Graphene/ZnO hybrid Sensor fabricated on prefabricated gold electrode through drop-casting technique using graphene/ZnO composite solution Formaldehyde 25 ppm 10... 

Pour a few drops of the warm xylene solution on a microscopic slide and let the solvent evaporate. A thin film of polystyrene will be obtained. This is one of the techniques—the so-called solvent-casting technique—used to make films from bulk polymers. 

Several polymer/polyelectrolyte-nanocrystal hybrid devices have been fabricated seeking to exploit the electro and photoluminescent properties of such material [179-188]. Device fabrication in all these cases is by low-cost self-assembly based techniques. These devices utilize thin films of these hybrids obtained either by multilayer deposition or drop/spin casting methods. Thus, solar cells have been made from poly(2-hexylthiophene)-CdSe nanorod multilayers, lasers from drop cast films of CdSe-titania composites and an infrared emitter from multilayers... 

For the characterization of the trap levels we applied the thermally stimulated current technique following the initial rise method [26] which was successfully applied to other conjugated polymers [27]. The device consisted of a sapphire substrate with an interdigital gold electrode structure on top of which a 200 nm thick polymer film was drop-cast. The gold electrodes had an overall length of... 

In order to align the molecules in one direction fi om the solution, we devised a zone-casting technique whose principle is based on observations performed during the solvent evaporation of a drop-cast solution [22]. One can observe that the deposited material is mainly oriented in the direction of the solvent evaporation. Theoretically, at adequate conditions it should be possible to obtain from simple drop-casting a homogeneous film with a radial alignment of the superstructure. However, this is quite difficult, since the concentration... 

Another way to reduce the mobility is by forming two-dimensional monolayers under ambient conditions. Adsorbate-substrate and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions lower the molecular mobility and are responsible for the two-dimensional ordering, Dry monolayers can be formed by drop casting and evaporation or by the horizontal lifting technique.It is also possible to measure... 

Several other techniques have also been utilized for fibn formation, including drop casting (e.g., CdSe on a Pt electrode in order to study electrochromic effects in nanocrystal films [100]), spin casting (e.g., composite films of CdSe and electrontransporting block copolymers [101]), photochemiad deposition (e.g., CdSe films from aqueous solution [102]), and dectrospray organometaUic CVD for the formation of QD composites [103]. 

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