Drilling and completion

Drilling Engineering Drilling and completion costs Capital costs -platforms -pipelines -compression/pumps... 

Primary production typically recovers 10—25% of the oil originally ia the reservoir. Efficiency of primary production is related to oil properties, reservoir properties, geometric placement of oil wells, and the drilling and completion technology used to drill the wells and prepare them for production. Pumping the well can maintain production at economic levels for years. 

Process Description The installation of deep wells for the injection of wastes closely follows the practices used for the drilling and completion of oil and gas wells. 

On August 27, 1859, at a depth of only 69.5 feet, Francis Drake drilled and completed the first well at Titusville, Pennsylvania. By the end of the nineteenth centuiy there were about 600,000 oil wells in more than 100 countries, with the United States and... 

During well completion it is sometimes desirable or necessary to treat or stimulate the producing zone to improve permeability of the rock and to increase the flow of oil or gas into the casing. This may be accomplished by use of acid or by injection of fluid and sand under high pressure to fracture the rock. Such a trcatniciit usually improves the ability of the rock to allow fluid to flow through it into the well bore. At this point the drilling and completion phases have ended. 

The producing companies are responsible for carrying out the complex operations of exploration, drilling and completion, and production. These projects vary from the seeking oil and gas deposits at 1.5,000 ft of depth in the continental U.S. to seeking... 

The fluids from the reserve pit may be hauled away from location for disposal, reclaimed insitu, or pumped into the wellbore given a dryhole. The operator of the wellsite is responsible for the transportation offsite of the drilling fluids. The fluids may be considered hazardous in nature due to the toxic characteristics of most drilling and completion fluids. 

Tuttle, R. N., and J. H. Bankman, New nondamaging and acid-degradable drilling and completion fluids, SPE Reprint Series Well, completions, SPE, 1978. 

EnDean, H. J., Avoiding drilling and completion corrosion, Petroleum Engineering September 1977. 

Fluid loss additives are also called filtrate-reducing agents. Fluid losses may occur when the fluid comes in contact with a porous formation. This is relevant for drilling and completion fluids, fracturing fluids, and cement slurries. 

Anonymous. 1992-93 environmental drilling and completion fluids directory. Offshore Incorporating Oilman (Int Ed), 52(9) 41—42, 45-46,48, 50-56, September 1992. 

J. B. Bloys, W. N. Wilson, E. Malachosky, R. D. Bradshaw, and R. A. Grey. Dispersant compositions comprising sulfonated isobutylene maleic anhydride copolymer for subterranean well drilling and completion. Patent US 5360787,1994. 

R. M. Tjon-Joe-Pin, H. D. Brannon, and A. R. Rickards. Method of dissolving organic filter cake obtained in drilling and completion of oil and gas weUs. Patent WO 9401654, 1994. 

Fluid loss additives such as solid particles and water-thickening polymers may be added to the drilling mud to reduce fluid loss from the well bore to the formation. Insoluble and partially soluble fluid loss additives include bentonite and other clays, starch from various sources, crushed walnut hulls, lignite treated with caustic or amines, resins of various types, gilsonite, benzoic acid flakes, and carefully sized particles of calcium borate, sodium borate, and mica. Soluble fluid loss additives include carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), low molecular weight hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxy-methYlhydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC), and sodium acrylate. A large number of water-soluble vinyl copolymers and terpolymers have been described as fluid loss additives for drilling and completion fluids in the patent literature. However, relatively few appear to be used in field operations. 

Tuttle, R.N. and Barkman, J.H. "The Need for Nondamaging Drilling and Completion Fluids," SPE paper 4791, 1974 SPE Symposium on Formation Damage Control, New Orleans, February 7-8. 

This group includes facilities engaged in exploration for, and operation of oil and natural gas fields. Activities include locating, drilling and completing wells, operation of separators, emulsion breakers and desilting equipment, and all other activities up to the point of... 

Cementing operations in oil and gas wells place demanding requirements on cement properties. In spite of this challenge, the drilling and completion industry has relied exclusively on conventional portland cement with a few modifications for its cementing needs. The properties of portland cement and its modifications used in the oil industry are discussed in Chapter 3 of Ref. [1]. 

The cost of drilling and completing injection wells depends on many factors, including the depth of the well, the location, etc. However, the cost of drilling most wells in North America is approximate 1000 (US) per m. However, this can range from 500 to 3000 or more. 

---