Drilling and completion fluids

The fluids from the reserve pit may be hauled away from location for disposal, reclaimed insitu, or pumped into the wellbore given a dryhole. The operator of the wellsite is responsible for the transportation offsite of the drilling fluids. The fluids may be considered hazardous in nature due to the toxic characteristics of most drilling and completion fluids. 

Tuttle, R. N., and J. H. Bankman, New nondamaging and acid-degradable drilling and completion fluids, SPE Reprint Series Well, completions, SPE, 1978. 

Fluid loss additives are also called filtrate-reducing agents. Fluid losses may occur when the fluid comes in contact with a porous formation. This is relevant for drilling and completion fluids, fracturing fluids, and cement slurries. 

Anonymous. 1992-93 environmental drilling and completion fluids directory. Offshore Incorporating Oilman (Int Ed), 52(9) 41—42, 45-46,48, 50-56, September 1992. 

Fluid loss additives such as solid particles and water-thickening polymers may be added to the drilling mud to reduce fluid loss from the well bore to the formation. Insoluble and partially soluble fluid loss additives include bentonite and other clays, starch from various sources, crushed walnut hulls, lignite treated with caustic or amines, resins of various types, gilsonite, benzoic acid flakes, and carefully sized particles of calcium borate, sodium borate, and mica. Soluble fluid loss additives include carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), low molecular weight hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxy-methYlhydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC), and sodium acrylate. A large number of water-soluble vinyl copolymers and terpolymers have been described as fluid loss additives for drilling and completion fluids in the patent literature. However, relatively few appear to be used in field operations. 

Tuttle, R.N. and Barkman, J.H. "The Need for Nondamaging Drilling and Completion Fluids," SPE paper 4791, 1974 SPE Symposium on Formation Damage Control, New Orleans, February 7-8. 

Darley, H. C. H. Gray, G. R. Composition and Properties of Drilling and Completion Fluids, 5th ed. Gulf Publishing Company Houston, TX, 1988 ... 

Huang R. 1995. study on shale stone well-bore stability coupled with mechanical and chemical, completing ami drilling fluid. Drilling and Completion Fluids, 12(3), pp. 50-53. 

Darley, H.C.H. and Gray, GR. (1988). Composition and properties of drilling and completion fluids. 5 ed. Gulf Professional Publishing. 

A highly active bactericide for oil field drilling and completion fluids, fracturing fluids and enhanced oil recovery applications. 

It is well known that environmental components such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and dissolved salts accelerate corrosion attack. These corrosion accelerators are conunonly encountered in drilling and completion fluids and in many instances all are present. 

Micro-organisms are common to drilling and completion fluids and can produce hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, or organic acids. Some bacterial species, including Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, also increase corrosion by metabobcally depolarizing the cathode. Because of the prohfic nature of bacteria in these environments, both biostats and biocides are often used for their control. 

Uses Viscosifierfor oil field applies., low solids drilling and completion fluid systems, KCI muds, field brines, sea water and sat. NaCI brines emulsifier Features Salt tolerant high carrying capacity more shear-thinning Environmental Nontoxic to marine, fresh water, and tenestrial species... 

---