Domoic Acid Neurotoxicity

Berman F. W. and Murray T. F. (1997). Domoic acid neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule neurons is mediated predominantly by NMDA receptors that are activated as a consequence of excitatory amino acid release. J. Neurochem. 69 693-703. 

Berman, F.W, LeEage, K.T., and Murray, TE 2002. Domoic acid neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule neurons is controlled preferentially by the NMDA receptor Ca(2+) influx pathway. Brain Res 924, 20—29. 

Domoic acid neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule neurons is mediated predominantly by NMDA... 

Kuhlmann, A.C., and Guilarte, T.R. 1997. The peripheral henzodiazepine receptor is a sensitive indicator of domoic acid neurotoxicity. BrainRes 751, 281-288. 

Subba Rao, D., QuiUiatn, M., and Pocklington, R. (1988). Domoic acid—neurotoxic amino acid produced by the marine diatom Nitzschia pungens in culture. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sd. 45, 2076-2079. 

Jakobsen, B., Tasker, A., and Zimmer, J., Domoic acid neurotoxicity in hippocampal slice cultures. Amino Acids, 23, 37, 2002. 

ASP is caused by eating shellfish contaminated with one or more of three domoic acid derivatives, which are excitatory neurotoxic amino acids (Baden and Trainer, 1993). Domoic acid is produced by the diatom Nitzchia pungens and accumulates in mussels, specifically Mytilus edulis (Baden and Trainer, 1993). Domoic acid is similar in structure to the excitatory dicarboxylic amino acid, kainic acid, and has an antagonistic effect at the glutamate receptor. Both... 

For example, some compounds will dissolve in water and others in fat (called a lipid). One of their 20 questions was, "Does the poisoning agent dissolve in water or fat To get an answer, they shook one mussel sample with a mixture of water and another mussel sample with a mixture of fat and injected the water and fat parts into different mice.The part of the mussel that dissolved in the water still caused the mice to scratch themselves, but the part that dissolved in fat didn t. So they knew they were looking for a chemical that dissolves in water. They divided the mussel over and over using many different methods, including chromatography, which is similar to the project at the end of this chapter. Finally, after four days of continuous work, the scientists had separated out of the mixture a pure substance that was the toxic compound.They compared all of its properties to compounds they already knew about and found a match a neurotoxic compound called "domoic acid. ... 

This is a natural toxin, and poisoning results from eating contaminated shellfish. It causes gastrointestinal distress and disturbances and neurotoxicity. Domoic acid acts as an analogue of glutamate and as an excitotoxin excess excitation leading to neuronal cell death. 

Domoic acid is a natural toxin produced by phytoplankton, which then contaminates shellfish. It causes neurotoxicity via a receptor interaction. It also causes... 

Ananth C., Gopalakrishnakone P., and Kaur C. (2003b). Induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in activated microglia following domoic acid (DA)-induced neurotoxicity in the rat hippocampus. Neurosci. Lett. 338 49-52. 

Chandrasekaran A., Ponnambalam G., and Kaur C. (2004). Domoic acid-induced neurotoxicity in the hippocampus of adult rats. Neurotox. Res. 6 105-117. 

Qiu S., Pak C. W., and Curras-Collazo M. C. (2006). Sequential involvement of distinct glutamate receptors in domoic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rat mixed cortical cultures effect of multiple dose/duration paradigms, chronological age, and repeated exposure. Toxicol. Sci. 89 243-256. 

Debonnel, G., Beauchesne, L., and de Montigny, C. 1989a. Domoic acid, the alleged mussel toxin, might produce its neurotoxic effect through kainate receptor activation an electrophysiological study in the dorsal hippocampus. CanJ Physiol Pharmacol 67, 29-33. 

Duran, R., Reis, R. A., Almeida, O.M., de Mello, M.C., and de Mello, EG. 1995b. Domoic acid induces neurotoxicity and ip3 mobilization in cultured cells of embryonic chick retina. Braz J Med Biol Res 28, 100-107. 

Novelli, A, Femandez-Sanchez, M.T., Kispert, J., Torreblanca, A, Gascon, S., and Zitko, V 1992a. The amnesic shellfish poison domoic acid enhances neurotoxicity hy excitatory amino acids in cultured neurons. Amino Acids 2,233-244. 

Novelli, A., Kispert, J., Femandez-Smchez, M.T., Torrehlanca, A., and Zitko, N. 1992h. Domoic acid-containing toxic mussels produce neurotoxicity in neural cultures through a synergism between excitatory amino acids. Brain Res 577,41 8. 

Peng, Y.G., Taylor, T.B., Finch, R.E., Switzer, R.C., and Ramsdell, J.S. 1994. Neuroexcitatory and neurotoxic actions of the amnesic shellfish poison, domoic acid. NeuroReport 5, 981-985. 

Tasker, R. A.R., and Strain, S.M. 1998. Synergism between NMDA and domoic acid in a murine model of behavioural neurotoxicity. AfeMrofoxico/Terafo/ 19, 593-597. 

Tryphonas, L., Truelove, J., and Iverson, F. 1990a. Acute parenteral neurotoxicity of domoic acid in cynomolgus monkeys. 

In 1987, the first confirmed case of a naturally occurring neurotoxic diatom bloom was reported in Prince Edward Island, Canada, later confirmed to be caused by the production of domoic acid from the pennate diatom Nitzschia pungens, now renamed Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries (Bates et ah, 1989 Subba Rao et ah, 1988). Since this first outbreak, many (but not aU) species of Pseudo-nitzschia have been confirmed to produce domoic acid (as well as some species of Amphora and now Nitzschia (Kotaki et ah, 2000) see Bates, 1998, 2000, for a summary). These potentially toxic species include P. multiseries, P. pseudodelicatissima, P. delicatissima, P. seratia, P. australis, P. pungens, and P.fraudulenta, although it is apparent that not aU species are toxic in aU locations, nor are individual strains toxic under aU conditions. 

Hogberg HT, Sobanski T, Novellino A, Whelan M, Weiss DC, Bal-Price AK (2011) Application of micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) as an emerging technology for developmental neurotoxicity evaluation of domoic acid-induced effects in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. Neurotoxicology 32 158-168... 

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