Dome Petroleum

Sulfur constitutes about 0.052 wt % of the earth s cmst. The forms in which it is ordinarily found include elemental or native sulfur in unconsohdated volcanic rocks, in anhydrite over salt-dome stmctures, and in bedded anhydrite or gypsum evaporate basin formations combined sulfur in metal sulfide ores and mineral sulfates hydrogen sulfide in natural gas organic sulfur compounds in petroleum and tar sands and a combination of both pyritic and organic sulfur compounds in coal (qv). 

An environmental risk in solution mining is surface subsidence. This risk is greatest with embedded salt. No cases of salt subsidence have been reported in mining domes that have been mined according to standard industry approved practice in the United States, but some have been seen in other countries. One side benefit of dome solution mining is use of the cavities later for storage of industrial fluids, chiefly petroleum and natural gas. 

Rail tank cars with dome fittings totally enclosed with a large cap contain liquid under very high pressure (again, for example, liquefied petroleum gas)... 

Source Natural gas Petroleum Native ore Pyrite Sulfide ore Dome Total... 

R.W. Klusman Baseline Studies of Surface Gas Exchange and Soil-Gas Composition in Preparation for C02 Sequestration Research Teapot Dome, Wyoming. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. AAPG Bulletin. 2005. 89, 981-1003. 

The DOE still retains oversight of two Naval Petroleum Reserve properties and one technology testing center Teapot Dome Naval Petroleum Reserve 3 in Wyoming and a small stripper well oil field with 540 wells. The Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center identifies and resolves technical and environmental issues associated with the production, distribution and use of the nation s energy resources. It was established in 1994 and is the only oil field testing center in the United States. 

Petroleum (crude oil) a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous, liquid, and solid hydrocarbon compounds usually found trapped deep underground beneath impermeable cap rock and above a lower dome of sedimentary rock such as shale most petroleum reservoirs occur in sedimentary rocks of marine, deltaic, or estuarine origin. 

Eberle, H. J. Breimair, J. Domes, H. Gutermuth, T. Petroleum Technology Quaterly. 

Trap—A structure in which petroleum can accumulate and be stored. Anticlines (dome shaped structures below the surface of Earth) can form good traps. Traps can also form along faults and in areas where rock types change rapidly. 

At the surface, hot tanks receive this mixture, still under pressure, and allow a lower liquid sulfur phase to separate from the water. Much of this product is simply filtered to remove any excess carbonaceous material while still molten, before it is shipped in this state via insulated tank trucks, rail tank cars, or barge. Traces of heavy petroleum occasionally occur with the sulfur from dome sources, and are removed by sublimation of the sulfur from the oil, if necessary. 

Atwater, G.I, and Forman, M.J., 1959. Nature and growth of southern Louisiana salt domes and its effect on petroleum accumulation. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 43 2592-26622. 

The major reservoirs of natural CO occur around the Permian Basin area. Sheep Mountain, in southeastern Colorado is estimated to contain one trillion cubic feet (TCF) of CO2 of 97% purity. Productive capacity is approximately 300 MCF per day. Other important sources include Brano Dome in New Mexico with reserves of 5 TCF and with total productive capacity of approximately 350 MCF per day. The McElmo Dome has reserves of greater than 8 TCF (97% purity) of the same productive capacity as the Brano Dome Unit. The potential for the McElmo Dome is believed to be approximately 1 billion cubic feet per day. In addition, other units include Jackson Dome, Mississippi (1 TCF proven) and the LaBrage area of southwestern Wyoming which is believed to have reserves in excess of 20 TCF. These data, based on the 1984 National Petroleum Council study of enhanced oil recovery, indicate that the aggregate supply is approximately 2 billion cubic feet per day. 

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