Extensive physical properties

Steady-state process simulation or process flowsheeting has become a routine activity for process analysis and design. Such systems allow the development of comprehensive, detailed, and complex process models with relatively little effort. Embedded within these simulators are rigorous unit operations models often derived from first principles, extensive physical property models for the accurate description of a wide variety of chemical systems, and powerful algorithms for the solution of large, nonlinear systems of equations. 

Extensive physical property data am available on methyl and ethyl acetate. Almost no experimental data arc reported on vinyl acetate. 

An extensive physical property changes with amount. Mass and volume are extensive physical properties. 

Many systems of color have been developed over time. Early theories about the nature of color existed in many countries of the ancient world. An interest in color was expressed by the Babylonians as early as 1900 B.C. Most early theories assumed that color was one of the properties of matter, such as density or mass. These theories were correct in identifying some physical properties of matter. Color and density are intensive physical properties. They remain constant regardless of amount. Mass, on the other hand, is an extensive physical property of matter. It changes with amount. 

What is the difference between intensive and extensive physical properties ... 

Give one intensive physical property of water and one extensive physical property of water. 

Density is calculated from two extensive physical properties, namely mass and volume. Is density an intensive or an extensive physical property ... 

Intensive properties do not depend on sample size (e.g., density, color, etc.). Extensive physical properties depend on sample size (e.g., mass, volume, etc.). 

Extensive physical property and thermodynamic data are available throughout the literature. Two such compilations are... 

An important class of nucleate boiling correlations are those where the reduced pressure P, is used as a correlating parameter. This avoids the need for extensive physical property data, and, it can be argued, the fundamental inaccuracy of boiling correlations hardly justifies anything more complex. An early correlation of this type was that of Mostinskii [109], which is in the form... 

Rather than considering the individual transport processes separately governing the balance of mass, momentum, species, etc., we focus now on a single, abstract, generic conservation law, known under the name general balance law, governing the transport of all extensive physical properties, in continuous three-dimensional media, and then in discontinuous media. Ultimately, the generic balance equations will be applied in later chapters to specific physical circumstances. 

Sonicated emulsion results at 35 C as a function of phase ratio and salt concentration further show that the behavior of these emulsions in the porous media is different from those at 25°C. Even three phase systems give relatively more stable emulsions and possess non-Newtonian behavior. Hysteresis effect shown by some emulsions in porous media experiments is highlighted. The nature of emulsions produced by sonication and by the shearing of liquids in the porous media is contrasted. Extensive physical property data for these emulsions are also given. The applicability of Darcy s law for the present situation is discussed. 

With all these factors in mind, we have attempted to carry out the emulsions aspect of the investigations at the University of Florida Improved Oil Recovery Research Program (4,5). The emulsion systems contain TRS 10-410, isobutanol, sodium chloride, dodecane and water. Extensive physical property data and micro-structural studies of the aqueous surfactant formulations have been already reported by Vijayan et al. (6). Also, the structural aspects of the emulsions containing the same species with aqueous to oil ratio of 1 1 as well as various physical property data as a function of salt concentration have been reported by Vijayan et al. (7). A detailed study of the middle phases formed by the same surfactant formulation with dodecane oil with respect to microstructural changes and microemulsion (swollen micelle) phase inversion has been reported by Ramachandran et al. (8). 

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