Protective systems, documentation

Process definition and design criteria Process and equipment design Company memory (management information) Documentation of risk management decisions Protective systems Normal and upset conditions Chemical and occupational health hazards... 

In the past, copper was believed to be toxic to most microbiological species. Although this may be true in a test tube under laboratory conditions, it is not generally true in the real world. In this real world, microbial communities excrete slime layers which tend to sequester the copper ions and prevent their contact with the actual microbial cells, Aus preventing the copper from killing the microbes. Many cases of MIC in copper and copper alloys have been documented, especially of heat-exchange tubes, potable water, and fire protection system piping. 

Process Knowledge and Documentation—The main features here are process definition and design criteria, process and equipment design, company memory (management information), documentation of risk management decisions, protective systems, normal and upset con-dtions, and chemical and occupational health hazards. 

The design basis, especially safety features that are built into the installation, must be documented. Management of change programs must preserve and keep the base record current and protect against degradation or elimination of safety features, including such measures as maximum intended inventories and passive protection systems. 

In addition, where appropriate, the lines of defense should be tested and practiced on a regular basis to ensure the reliability of the systems. These tests should be documented as part of the facility records. Unreliability of protection systems must not be allowed to be a cause of an accident or allow an accident to result in more severe consequences. 

Product stewardship, chemical reactivity hazard management, 29-30 Protective systems, documentation, 105 Pyrophorics, screening methods, 43-45... 

It is important that documentation of the fire protection system be developed so that future additions or questions can be answered. Chapter 9 identifies documentation that should be maintained for the life of the fire protection system. 

Inspections consist of a visual check of the fire protection systems by qualified personnel to ensure the system is available for immediate use. Visual checks should be made using a checklist. The inspection should verify that the fixed and portable equipment is ready to be operated. The associated devices, fittings, piping, and valving are inspected to ensure they have not been tampered with and that there is no obvious deterioration, physical damage, or condition to prevent operation. Documentation of the visual inspections may vary from... 

Having documentation and uniform protocols is important to obtain the most value from test beds and operational deployments. A continually evolving operational deployment such as the Pentagon could provide valuable real-world experience and data comparable to those obtained in test beds if all tests are well documented and standardized. For operational facilities or test facilities, establishment of uniform testing protocols to test effectiveness and validate protection systems would make their results useful to others. For example, information on degradation, maintenance, and operational and life-cycle costs (real... 

The economics of the use of calcium nitrite in corrosion-inhibiting admixtures with and without the addition of silica fume has been documented (23). The cost of a calcium nitrite protection system was estimated to be 5.40/m, and the cost increase to construct the deck using calcium nitrite inhibitor is 1.1%. It is estimated that the... 

Protective systems and devices are identified, tested, and undergo preventive maintenance. Appropriate documentation is available ... 

Document, in that plan, the reasons why conventional fall protection systems are infeasible or why their use would create a greater hazard. 

This sign-off sheet documents the employees who have taken part in a training session on Excavations — Protective Systems at this company, ... 

Guidance on life to first maintenance is given in BS 5493 (British Standards Institution, 1977), a Code of Practice for protective coating of iron and steel structures against corrosion. The concept is to consider first the time required before maintenance and then choose a system from the alternatives offered for that service environment one looks next at the notes relative to each component of a protective system and then at the product specifications. The full document (BS 5493) gives more details. The tables prepared from this document by AM S Europe are particularly useful and important and are reproduced as Figs. 2.30 and 2.31. 

ICRP Publication 1 was adopted in 1958 and was available in the following year. This document gave background for a comprehensive protection system based on the knowledge that "Exposure to ionizing radiation can result in injuries that manifest themselves in an exposed individual and in his descendants these are called somatic and genetic injuries respectively". Essentially the recommended system comprised a dose limitation concept based on "maximum permissible doses" applied to different exposure categories. Probably the best known of diese recommendations is the formula D = 5(N-18), where D is the maximum allowable accumulated dose in rem units and N the age in years. 

Fire protections systems inspected, acceptance-tested documentation provided ... 

Has the fire protection systems been inspected by the insurance company Has acceptance testing been completed and documented Is there an agreed on test and inspection program for the fire protection systems (including aiarm systems) ... 

This chapter sets out techniques considered generally to have potential for achieving a high level of environmental protection in the industries within the scope of this document. Management systems, process-integrated techniques and end-of-pipe measures are included, but a eertain amount of overlap exists between these three when seeking the optimum results. 

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