DL-penicillamine

CiiHuOn 112-05-0) see Azelaic acid D-penicillamine Hg complex (CjH Cl2HgN02S 14062-65-8) see D-Penicillamine D-penicillamine hydrochloride (C5H12CINO2S 2219-30-9) see D-Penicillamine DL-penicillamine hydrochloride (CjH,2C1N02S 22572-05-0) see D-Penicillamine penicillin G... 

A substantial number of bioactive molecules, such as polypeptides, N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine, p-(dipropylsulfamoyl)benzoic acid, and nicotinic acid, contain a carboxylic acid function, and this provides a site for linkage to a polyphosphazene chain. A number of prototype polymers have been synthesized in which pendent amino groups provide coupling sites for the carboxylic acid (34). The amide linkages so formed are potentially bioerodible, but the use of a hydrolytic sensitizing cosubstituent would be expected to accelerate the process. 

The 1H NMR spectrum of (DL)-penicillamine in D20 was obtained on a Bruker 500 MHz instrument, and the resulting spectrum is shown in Fig. 3. Confirmation of the spectral assignments was derived from a COSY experiment (see Fig. 4), and these assignments are summarized in Table 3. 

Activation parameters A 77, AS and A I7 have been determined for all nine combinations of [Pd(LLL)(H20)]2+, LLL = dien, terpy, or bis(2-pyri-dylmethyl)amine reacting with L-cysteine (cys), DL-penicillamine (pen), or glutathione (glu) (250). All AS and A I7 values are negative, consistent with associative activation, but there is no AS /A l7 correlation, except for the three reactions with pen. Indeed all the reactions with... 

Askew, S., Butler, A., Flitney, F., Kemp, G., Megson, I., Chemical mechanisms underlying the vasodilator and platelet anti-aggregating properties of S-nitroso-N-cetyl-DL-penicillamine and S-nitrosoglutathione, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 3 (1995), p. 1-9... 

Equally important is the salt formation of solid bases with gaseous acids. An example has been cited above (30 31). This type of reaction is quite general. Strong and very weak bases react quantitatively and the gas-solid technique does not have problems with moisture. Amino acids such as L-phenylalanine, D-penicillamine (42), DL-penicillamine, L-cysteine, L-leucine, L-proline, DL-ty-rosine and others are quantitatively converted into their hydrohalides with... 

In the area of rheumatology, the importance of using optically pure drugs is well illustrated by penicillamine o-penicillamine has been used for many years in treatment of Wilson s disease and cystinuria and is now widely used in rheumatoid arthritis. It is well established now that this drug, which is chiral, should only be given in the pure d (or S) form, because the toxicity of the l (or R), or the dl (RS) racemic forms, is much greater. This fact was found by trial and error, with some earlier patients on DL-penicillamine experiencing severe adverse side reactions such as optic neuritis. Now only the pure d form is available for prescription (see also 62.2.3.4).61... 

The 2 1 DL-penicillamine zinc(n) complex has been isolated and its structure designated as (9) using i.r. spectra.255... 

Frost MC, Meyerhoff ME. Controlled photoinitiated release of nitric oxide from polymer films containing. V-nitroso-V-acctyl-dl-penicillamine derivatized fumed silica filler. J Am Chem Soc 2004 126 1348-9. 

C7H10N2 m-toluenediamine 95-80-7 98.10 1.2217 2 11394 C7H12N204S S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine 37776-06-1 25.00 1.3048 2... 

Salas E, Moro MA, Askew S et al (1994) Comparative pharmacology of analogues of S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine in platdets. BrJ Pharmacol 112 1071-1076. 

Kuchinskas EJ, Rosen Y. Metal chelates of DL-penicillamine. Arch Biochem Biophys 1962 97 370-2. 

Drug stability studies (i) in aged solutions of potassium penicillin G Potassium penicillin G in the presence of five of its degradation products, DL-penicillamine, benzyl penilloic acid (two isomers), benzylpenamaldic acid, benzylpenicilloic acid and benzylpenillic acid Partition Bondapak AX/ Corasil pH 3.8 buffer... 

As residues of the nonsystemic DTC fungicides remain on plant surfaces and comminution of samples will degrade DTCs, surface extraction of whole samples is performed. The aqueous extraction buffer consists of sodium hydrogen carbonate (10 mM) and DL-penicillamine (10 mM), adjusted to pH 12 by sodium hydroxide solution (10%).Therefore, firm plant samples like apples, tomatoes, or grapes are weighed as whole... 

Addition of NO donors, ImM S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine or 1 mM diethylenetri-amine-NO adduct (NOC-18), to PC12 cells resulted in a steady-state level of 1-3 (xM NO, rapid and almost complete inhibition of cellular respiration (within 1 min), and a rapid decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential within the cells (Bal-Price and Brown 2000). A 24-h incubation of PC12 cells with NO donors or specific inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration (myxothiazol, rotenone, or azide), in the absence of glucose, caused total ATP depletion and resulted in 80-100% necrosis. The presence of glucose almost completely prevented the decrease in ATP level and the increase in necrosis induced by NO donors or mitochondrial inhibitors. 

Viabilities of both B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma cells were decreased in the presence of S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine in vitro and the cytotoxicity of S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine was reduced dose-dependently by NO radical scavenger, oxyhemoglobin (Hirano 1997). Intravenous injection of both cell lines in mice exposed to 10-80 ppm NO gas did not reduce the tumour colony formation in the lung. The increase in NO concentration was accompanied by elevation of concomitant nitric dioxide concentration in exposure chambers and exposure to higher concentration of NO appeared to enhance tumour colony formation in the lung. 

Molecules, bearing a carboxylic group, can be attached to a polyphosphazene chain through linkage to a spacer group. For this, p-(aminomethyl)phenoxy was used by Allcock et al (1982) to substitute bioactive molecules such as N-acetyd-DL-penicillamine, p-(dipropylsulfamoyl)benzoic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. 

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