Dissolved organic P

Also, inorganic P is not the only P source for Trichodesmium in the open ocean (MulhoUand et al, 2002). Trichodesmium produces alkaline phosphatase (APA), which cleaves P04 from dissolved organic P compounds to provide an additional P source to the organism. APA activity in natural populations of Trichodesmium can indicate P stress to some degree. APA was much higher in the North Atlantic, where inorganic P concentrations are extremely low, than off the northern coast of... 

The concentrations and dynamics of the near-surface DON and PON pools have been studied at Station ALOHA since 1988. Church et al (2002) reported that the 0—175 m dissolved organic C (DOC) and DON (but not dissolved organic P) increased at rates of 303 and 33 mmol m year respectively, for the period 1993—1999. The accumulated DOM had a mean C N molar ratio of 27.5. By comparison, the C N ratio of isolated HMW-DOM in the North Pacific trades biome is 14—15, suggesting that the highly aged (based on C content) LMW-DOM is more carbon rich (Loh et al, 2004). However, the true C N ratio of the DON pool (as opposed to bulk DOM) is neither known nor easily determined because the DOC and DOC-N, DOC-N-P and DOC-P sub-pools cannot currently be separated. For example, the N content of HMW-DOM isolated from Station ALOHA varied between 0.95 and 1.69 wt% with no clear depth trends between 20 and 4000 m molecular analyses identified carbohydrate and amino acids as major compound classes (Sannigrahi et al, 2005). 

Kolowith etal. (2001) Marine water, dissolved organic P Various oceans... 

The results of this analysis are usually reported in an operationally defined context because minor quantities of labile dissolved organic P may hydrolyze due to the addition of sulfuric acid and be measured as orthophosphate. For details of this method, see EPA (1990) or APHA (2005). 

Williams, P. J. LeB. (1975). Biological and chemical aspects of dissolved organic matter in seawater. In "Chemical Oceanography," Vol. 2 (J. P. Riley and G. Skirrow, eds). Academic Press, London. 

The transfer of P from the continents to the ocean is separated into two distinct pathways. The flux of reactive P (F25) is estimated via measurements of dissolved organic and inorganic P in rivers. A small correction (33% after Kaul and Froelich, 1984) is added to the measured values to account for P released from particles within the estuaries. This P is transported directly to the surface ocean and is... 

Jackson, G. A. and Williams, P. M. (1985). Importance of dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus in biological nutrient cycling. Deep Sea Res. 32, 223-235. 

Marce R, Moreno-Ostos E, Lopez P, Armengol J (2008) The role of allochthonous inputs of dissolved organic carbon on the hypolimnetic oxygen content of reservoirs. Ecosystems 11 1035-1053... 

Hercules Chemical produced an acidic organic waste derived from the manufacture of dimethyl terphthalate, which is used in the production of synthetic liber. The average dissolved organic carbon concentration was about 7100 mg/L and included acetic acid, formic acid, p-toluic acid, formaldehyde, methanol, terphthalic acid, and benzoic acid. The pH ranged from 3.5 to 4.0. The waste also contained traces (less than 0.5 mg/L) of 11 other organic compounds, including dimethyl phthalate, a listed hazardous waste. 

Huang Y, Eglington G, van der Hage ERE, Boon JJ, Bol R, Ineson P (1998) Dissolved organic matter and its parent organic matter in grass upland soil horizons studied by analytical pyrolysis techniques. Eur J Soil Sci 49 1-15... 

Fig. 2.10 Mean colloidal organic matter (COM - zooplankton+phytoplankton+dissolved organic carbon) burden [kmol P/m2], integrated over the uppermost 90 m (euphotic zone).

The simultaneous determination of dissolved organic carbon and phosphorus is feasible [39]. Phosphoglyceric acid (1 g equivalent P) was added to membrane-filtered, pre-irradiated seawater, and the phosphate was measured before and after ultraviolet irradiation using an autoanalyser. The recovery of organic phosphorus was 100%. 

Welsh, P.G., J.F. Skidmore, D.J. Spry, D.G. Dixon, P.V. Hodson, N.J. Hutchinson, and B.E. Hickie. 1993. Effect of pH and dissolved organic carbon on the toxicity of copper to larval fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) in natural lake waters of low alkalinity. Canad. Jour. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50 1356-1362. 

Meng, F., Arp, P., Sangster, A., Brun, G.I., Rencz, A., Hall, G., Holmes, J., Lean, D., Clair, T. 2005. Modeling dissolved organic carbon, total and methyl mercury in Kejimkujik freshwaters. In Mercury Cycling in a Wetland Dominated Ecosystem A Multidisciplinary Study. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL, 267-284. 

Thomsen M, Dobel S, Lassen P, Carlsen L, Mogensen BB, Hansen PE (2002) Reverse quantitative structure-activity relationship for modelling the sorption of esfenvalerate to dissolved organic matter. A multivariate approach. Chemosphere 49 1317-1325... 

Parent, L., Twiss, M. R. and Campbell, P. G. C. (1996). Influences of natural dissolved organic matter on the interaction of aluminum with the microalga Chlorella a test of the free-ion model of trace metal toxicity, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 1713-1720. 

Holten Liitzhoft, H.-C., Yaes, W. H. J., Freidig, A. P., Halling-Sorensen, B. and Hermens, J. L. M. (2000). 1-Octanol/water distribution coefficient of oxolinic acid influence of pH and its relation to the interaction with dissolved organic carbon, Chemosphere, 40, 711-714. 

Van Moorleghem C, Six L, Degryse F, Smolders E, Merckx R. Effect of organic P forms and P present in inorganic colloids on the determination of dissolved P in environmental samples by the diffusive gradient in thin films technique, ion chromatography, and colorimetry. Anal. Chem. 2011 83 5317-5323. 

The ability to make analytical measurements depends intimately on the availability of well-defined standards and calibrants. Many measurements of analytes in seawater (such as dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen) cannot be compared among laboratories because of the lack of appropriate reference materials and blanks for instrument calibration and testing. Intercomparison exercises are critical (NRC, 1993, p. 75). 

Benner, R., J.D. Pakulski, M. McCarthy, J.L Hedges, and P.G. Hatcher. 1992. Bulk chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in the ocean. Science 255 1561-1564. 

Gershey, R.M., M.D. MacKinnon, P.J. leB Williams, and R.M. Moore. 1979. Comparison of three oxidation methods used for the analysis of the dissolved organic carbon in seawater. Marine Chemistry 7 289-306. 

Williams, P.M. 1992. Measurement of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in natural waters. Oceanography 5(2) 107-116. 

Williams, P.M., and E.R.M. Druffel. 1988. Dissolved organic matter in the ocean comments on a controversy. Oceanography 1 14-17. 

Buikhard, L.P. 2000, Estimating dissolved organic carbon partition coefficients for nonionic organic chemicals. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34 4663-4668. 

Landmm, P.F. Nihart, S.R. Eadie, B.J. Gardner, W.S. 1984, Reverse-phase separation method for determining pollutant binding to Aldrich humic acid and dissolved organic carbon of natural waters. Ettviron. Sci. Technol. 18 187-192. 

Simultaneously, in all the soils the concentrations of P and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the soil solution increased as the pH increased, and this will have inhibited CaCOs precipitation. By analysing the combined data by multiple regression, Huang (1990) developed a rate equation for the three soils allowing for inhibition by P and DOC. The rate equation was developed from an earlier equation developed from studies in solution systems ... 

Figure 3.15 Precipitation of calcite in three soils (A, B, C) as pH increases during hydrolysis of urea, and simultaneous changes in pH, P and dissolved organic C (DOC) in the soil solution. Moist soil was incubated with CaCl2 and urea at constant CO2 pressure. Numbers with symbols are initial concentrations of urea (M). Data of Huang (1990). Reproduced by permission...

Boehm, P.D. and Quinn. J.G. Solubilization of hydrocarbons by the dissolved organic matter in sea water, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 37(ll) 2459-2477. 1973. 

Lafrance, P., Marineau, L., Perreault, L., and Villenueve, J.-P. Effect of natural dissolved organic matter found in groundwater on soil adsorption and transport of pentachlorophenol. Environ. Sci. TechnoL, 28(13) 2314-2320, 1994. 

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