Disposable bioreactors

Singh V (1999), Disposable bioreactor for cell culture using wave-induced agitation, Cytotechnology 30 149-158. 

One of the major drawbacks of the stirred-tank bioreactors is the difficulty of cleaning and sterilizing the vessels. Disposable bioreactors are now commercially available that... 

Sinclair et al. (79) have compared the environmental (primarily carbon) footprint of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) production facility using traditional stainless steel bioreactors with that of a facility utilizing disposable equipment for cell culture, mixing solutions, holding tanks, and liquid transfer. The mAbs are intended for use in therapeutic applications and are produced in a facility containing three 2000-L disposable bioreactors. The authors cradle-to-grave analysis took into account facility... 

Only a few of these techniques are both sufficiently inexpensive and sufficiently advanced in their development that they are economically viable for use in single-use bioreactors (even if only a portion of the instrumentation is actually considered disposable). Individuals with responsibilities in this area have to utilize not only their knowledge of biochemistry and engineering, but also creativity and imagination in facilitating further evolution of disposable bioreactor technology. 

The principles of landfill practice were discussed in Chapter 2, and amongst the differing views on landfill best practice there seems to be at least one issue where there is a consensus of opinion. That is, whether for monofill or co-disposal, bioreactor or dry tomb, the use of a containment system is essential in the short term. However, according to local conditions and how "containment" is defined, a natural clay barrier may provide sufficient containment to satisfy the requirements of sustainable landfill. As discussed in Chapter 2, the dilute and attenuate principle (as an immediate management option rather than a long-term inevitability) can only be justified where a site-specific risk assessment has shown this to be feasible. Such a landfill may be appropriate for well-defined inert waste, where the expense associated with landfill lining could not be justified. This again... 

Eibl R, Loffelholz C, Eibl D. Disposable bioreactors for inoculum production and protein expression. In Portner R, editor. Animal Cell Biotechnology—Methods in Molecular Biology, Volume 1104. New Jersey Humana Press 2014. p 265-284. 

Eibl R, Werner S, Eibl D (2009) Disposable bioreactors for plant liquid cultures at Litre-scale. Eng Life Sci 9 156-164. doi 10.1002/elsc.200800102... 

Figure 1.7 (a) The Nunc automatic cell factory manipulation (ACFM) system of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., a well-established system to grow cells on multiple flat bottoms. In order to reach the high cell numbers required in clinical applications, however, stirred disposable bioreactors are increasingly used to grow cells on... 

Eibl, R. and Eibl, D. (2010) Disposable Bioreactors, vol. 115, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 

Disposable Bioreactors II, Advances in Biochemical Engineer-ing/Biotechnology, vol. 138. 

Advances have also been made to engineer more clinically sized, and even anatomically shaped grafts, which would have tremendous potential for reconstructions after congenital defects, cancer resections, and trauma. With respect to supply-chain considerations, production-sized as well as disposable bioreactors have increasingly been incorporated into biotechnological facilities at... 

Eibl, R., S. Kaiser et al. 2010. Disposable bioreactors The current state-of-the-art and recommended applications in biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 86(1) 41-49. 

Glindkamp, A., D. Riechers et aL 2009. Sensors in disposable bioreactors status and trends. Disposable Bioreactors 115 145-69. 

Another recent trend in fermentation is the use of disposable bioreactors instead of stainless steel reactors for process development, especially in pharmaceutical manufacturing (Hanson et al., 2(X)9). Disposable bioreactors are typically plastic devices, such as microtiter plates, T-flasks, shake flasks and wave reactors, with different sizes. Disposable bioreactors can be used as a seed fermentor or as a production fermentor for products on a small scale (Mikola et al, 2007). The main advantages of disposable reactors include more flexibility in operation and use for different products, elimination of CTOss-contamination, less time needed to set up because the reactor is ready to use, low cost and less labor needed. However, disposable reactor sizes do not exceed 2,000L because of physical limitations, stabihty issues and heat and mass transfer limitations, as these reactors do not have impellers for mixing. In addition, disposable plastic reactors may leach chemical components into the media that could negatively impact the quahty of the final product (Hanson et al, 2009). 

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