Disperse dyes dyeing properties

Uses Surfactant dispersant, solubilizer for dyeing of disperse dyes Properties Liq. 

Features APEO-free not recommended for preparing half-emulsion print pastes containing reactive and disperse dyes Properties Liq. misc. with water dens, 1,11 g/cc b.p. = 100 C pH 6-8 Toxicology Avoid breathing vapors from hot liquors use gloves and goggles handling cone. prod. 

Uses Sequestrant for heavy metals stabilizer of peroxide dispersant antiredeposition aid for oligomers in PES deweighting antistaining and machine cleaning agent for disperse dyes Properties Dk. brn. liq. pH < 2 Masuif 1250 [Mason]... 

Uses Leveling agent, dispersant for disperse dyes Properties Liq. 22% cone. 

Uses Dispersant, leveling agent for vat and disperse dyes Properties Yel. brn. liq. water sol. lntratex SCS [YorkshireAm. ]... 

Application Techniques, Structural Variations, and Fastness Properties. When appHed to polyester fiber, many of the disperse dyes originally developed for ceUulose acetate were found to be deficient in Hghtfastness, build-up properties, and especially fastness to the high temperatures employed in the newer dyeing and finishing, printing, and Thermosol (dry heat) processes. 

Deep shades and full fastness properties on polyester can be achieved using disperse dyes and carriers, or temperatures over 100°C with or without carriers. 

M. C. Keen and R. J. Thomas, "Absorption Properties of Latyl Disperse Dyes on AppHcation to Dacron Polyester Fibers," Eyes and Chemicals Technical Bulletin, E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co., Inc., Organic Chemicals Dept., Wilmington, Del., 1992. 

In order to develop the dyes for these fields, characteristics of known dyes have been re-examined, and some anthraquinone dyes have been found usable. One example of use is in thermal-transfer recording where the sublimation properties of disperse dyes are appHed. Anthraquinone compounds have also been found to be usehil dichroic dyes for guest-host Hquid crystal displays when the substituents are properly selected to have high order parameters. These dichroic dyes can be used for polarizer films of LCD systems as well. Anthraquinone derivatives that absorb in the near-infrared region have also been discovered, which may be appHcable in semiconductor laser recording. 

The insoluble, hydrophobic disperse dyes readily dye nylon, and because their mode of attraction is completely nonionic they are completely insensitive to chemical variations and pH. Small molecular-sized disperse dyes (ca mol wt 400) show very high rates of diffusion and excellent migration properties and they are insensitive to physical variations in the nylon. As the molecular size of disperse dyes increases they show increasing sensitivity to physical variation. 

On polyamide, disperse dyes have generally low wetfastness properties, making them unsuitable for ptinted textiles that require even moderate wash or perspiration fastness. 

Thermal Fixation Properties of Disperse Dyes on Polyester—Gotton. This method assesses the fixation properties of disperse dyes as a function of the time, temperature, dyestuff concentration, or presence and amount of auxiUary agents. The polyester—cotton fabric is padded and dried, the cotton dissolved in sulfuric acid and washed out of the blend, and the amount of dye on the polyester component assessed by either reflectance or measuring the optical density of a solution of dye obtained by extracting the dye with boiling chloroben2ene solvent. 

When scouring synthetic fibres that are to be dyed with disperse dyes, nonionic scouring agents are best avoided unless they are formulated to have a high cloud point and are known not to adversely affect the dispersion properties of the dyes. Conversely, when scouring acrylic fibres, anionic surfactants should be avoided [156] because they are liable to interfere with the subsequent application of basic dyes. These fibres are usually scoured with an ethoxylated alcohol, either alone or with a mild alkali such as sodium carbonate or a phosphate. 

Proposed in the 1920s to confer easy-care properties. In 1976 process patents introduced for making cotton acceptable to disperse dyes in transfer printing. 

As already mentioned, some lubricants can be difficult to remove by washing and surfactants are often added to overcome this problem [463]. Lubricants can impair fastness properties, particularly those of disperse dyes. They may influence the uptake of dyes either positively or negatively, although seldom seriously except where it results in unlevelness. For example, knitting oils can increase the yield of relatively oleophilic reactive dyes on cotton and yet with highly hydrophilic types they may cause dye-resist effects [467]. 

The discovery in 1979 of the benzodifuranone chromogen (1.14) and its exploitation in red disperse dyes for polyester fibres [23,24] emerged from ICI research towards new chromogens of high colour value, brightness and substantivity to overcome the relative weakness of anthraquinones and dullness of monoazo alternatives in the red disperse dye area. A striking improvement in build-up properties was found by introducing asymmetry... 

---