Disintegrates in tablets

The four starches used in this study have been proven to be suitable tablet ingredients [19]. Both used super-disintegrants, Primojel (sodium starch glycolate) and Polyplasdone XL (crospovidone), are commonly used as a disintegrant in tablets prepared by direct compression. 

Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) is purified partially depolymerized cellulose, prepared by treating a-cellulose with mineral acids. In addition to being used as a filler, it is also used as dry binder and disintegrant in tablet formulations. Depending on the preparation conditions, it can be produced with a variety of technical specifications depending on particle size and crystallinity. It is often used as an excipient in direct compression formulations but can also be incorporated as a diluent for tablets prepared by wet granulation, as a filler for capsules and for the production of spheres. 

Chem. Desaip. Complex colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate derived from natural smectite clays CAS 12199-37-0 EINECS/ELINCS 235-374-6 Uses Thickener, vise, modifier, emulsion stabilizer for emulsions, suspensions, sol ns., liqs., creams, pastes, cosmetics, toiletries, toothpaste, pharmaceuticals, paints, textile finishes, chemical specialties, industrial applies. suspending agent, binder, dispersant for powds. and pigments disintegrant in tablets spreading agent for lotions, creams, and ointments... 

Lactose occurs in milk, mainly free, but to a small extent as a component of higher oligosaccharides. Cow and goat milks contain about 4.5% lactose human milk contains about 7.0%. Lactose is used as an excipient in tablets to provide bulk and rapid disintegration. It is also used in some food products where it contributes body with only about 40% the sweetness of sucrose and enhances colors and flavors. 

Sodium alcohol sulfates are also used in the formulation of synthetic soaps and paste hand cleaners, commonly together with other surfactants and as tablet disintegrators in the case of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Sodium, but preferably ammonium and alkanolamine salts, is also used in liquid soaps. 

Water Uptake. There is evidence to suggest that water uptake caused by capillary forces is the crucial factor in the disintegration process of many formulations. In such systems the pore structure of the tablet is of prime importance and any inherent hydrophobicity of the tablet mass will adversely affect it. Therefore, disintegrants in this group must be able to maintain a porous structure in the compressed tablet and show a low interfacial tension towards aqueous fluids. Rapid penetration by water throughout the entire tablet matrix to facilitate its breakup is thus achieved. Concentrations of disintegrant that ensure a continuous matrix of disintegrant are desirable and levels of between 5 and 20% are common. 

There are two general types of optimization problem constrained and unconstrained. Constraints are restrictions placed on the system by physical limitations or perhaps by simple practicality (e.g., economic considerations). In unconstrained optimization problems there are no restrictions. For a given pharmaceutical system one might wish to make the hardest tablet possible. The constrained problem, on the other hand, would be stated make the hardest tablet possible, but it must disintegrate in less than 15 minutes. 

Shah, U.S., Ph.D. Dissertation, fiva/Mafton of the Functional Equivalence of Different Sources of Super Disintegrants in Pharmaceutical Tablets, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 1996, pp. 16-26, 92-112. 

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