Disinfectants factors affecting disinfection

Factors affecting the disinfection 3.8.1 Tissue culture or egg inoculation... 

Disinfectants are used in industrial establishments, hospitals, and homes to prevent infection. Common disinfectants can kill some fungi, lipid-containing viruses, gram-negative bacteria, and mycobacteria, but bacterial spores are resistant to disinfectants. Factors affecting the effectiveness of disinfectants are contact line, concentration, pH, and the presence of interfering substances such as lipids, rubber, or plastics. 

Opacifiers, disinfectants and artificial aging were found as the factors affecting dimensional stability and detail reproduction of PDMS material [53, 68]. Accelerated aging was the most affective test protocol on the dimensional changes in PDMS elastomer [68]. 

It has also been demonstrated that the germicidal effectiveness of free and combined chlorine is markedly diminished with decreasing water temperature. In any situation in which the effects of lowered temperature and high pH value are combined, reduced efficiency of free chlorine and chloramines is marked. These factors directly affect the exposure time needed to achieve satisfactory disinfection. Under the most ideal conditions, the contact time needed with free available chlorine may only be on the order of a few minutes combined available chlorine under the same conditions might require hours. 

Titania photocatalyst is used for air and water purification, photo-splitting of water to produce hydrogen, odor control and disinfectant. Crystal structure and crystallite size of titania particles are one of the most important factors that affect on the photoactivity. Photoactivity of anatase is higher than that of rutile, and increases with crystallite size [1]. Therefore, to increase photoactivity, it is desirable to find a route for the synthrais of the pure anatase titania with large crystallite size. 

Apart from the obvious effect of concenfrahon there are other important factors which affect the achon of disinfectants. 

Water conditions, such as temperature, alkalinity, iron levels, and manganese concentrations are all factors that can potentially affect the generation of mixed oxidants and the overall performance of the disinfection process. Some adjustment of the concentration of the mixed oxidant solution may be necessary to prevent scaling in hard-water areas. 

The effectivity of disinfectants are affected by the following factors time of contact between disinfectant and the microorganism and the intensity of the disinfectant, age of the microorganism, nature of the suspending liquid, and temperature. Each of these factors are discussed next. 

In 1978, analyses of THMs showed peak concentrations above 300 pg/L with an annual average of 140 pg/L. In light of these results, the Philadelphia Water Department began to reevaluate its disinfection strategies. Factors that affected the selection of an alternative included THM, bacterial, taste, odor, algae, and corrosion control residual duration and economics. 

Pine oleoresin is an abundant source of useful terpenes. It has two major fractions turpentine, which is the volatile fraction, and rosin, which is the solid fraction. A key element of tree defense, oleoresin is an important nonwood forestry product because of the various conventional and potential uses of its terpenes. Oleoresin derivatives can be used by different industries, including pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, as well as by the chemical industry in the manufacturing of various products, such as paint, varnishes, adhesives, insecticides, and disinfectants. Biotic and abiotic factors that affect oleoresin production can be used to improve yields by promoting specific... 

The efficacy of disinfectants is affected by various factors, such as the target microorganisms, the environment of the microorganisms, the contaminated object, the microbicidal ingredients, and the mode of application. Three of these five factors - the microorganisms, the environment, and the object - are given by the disinfection task. The other two factors - the microbidde, the mode of application - depend on the disinfection method itself (Spicher, 1996). 

Other factors, which affect the efficacy of the disinfectants, are ... 

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