Germicidal effects

It has also been demonstrated that the germicidal effectiveness of free and combined chlorine is markedly diminished with decreasing water temperature. In any situation in which the effects of lowered temperature and high pH value are combined, reduced efficiency of free chlorine and chloramines is marked. These factors directly affect the exposure time needed to achieve satisfactory disinfection. Under the most ideal conditions, the contact time needed with free available chlorine may only be on the order of a few minutes combined available chlorine under the same conditions might require hours. 

In 2008, an antimicrobial ASA plastic type was introduced (39). This was the first ASA type with antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial material contains silver compounds that are incorporated into the plastic in order to impart its surface with a germicidal effect. 

Similar to ozonation processes, since the discovery of the germicidal effects of solar UV radiation by Downes and Blount in 1877 [13], UV radiation was first used for disinfection. The development of reaction mechanisms in photochemistry led to the discovery of the advantages of UV radiation as an oxidation technology. At room temperature, most molecules... 

C. B. Beggs and P. A. Sleigh, A qnantitative method for evaluating the germicidal effect of npper room UV fields. Journal of Aerosol Science 33,1681-1699 (2002). 

Antiseptics, used to inactivate or destroy organisms on skin or living tissue Germicidal Effectiveness... 

Ingram, M. 1948. The germicidal effects of free and combined sulphur dioxide. J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 67, 18. 

Downes and Blunt discovered the germicidal effects of the blue components of the light spectrum. 1881 Koch, Gaffky and Loffler introduced the steam disinfection. 

---