Diseases myocardial infarction

Age >40 yr, previous venous thromboembolism, chronic heart failure, acute respiratory failure, recent major surgery (within 2 wk), confined air/ground travel (>6 h duration within 1 wk of admission), inflammatory bowel disease, myocardial infarction, nephrotic syndrome, and ischemic stroke... 

Heart (angina, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, or heart failure)... 

Coronary artery disease Myocardial infarction Heart failure... 

Sethi AA, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Gron-holdt M-LM, Steffensen R, Schnohr P, Nordestgaard BG. Angiotensinogen mutations and risk for ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Ann Intern Med 2001 134 941-954. 

Goal BP values are <140/90 for most patients, but <130/80 for patients with diabetes mellitus, significant chronic kidney disease, known coronary artery disease (myocardial infarction [MI], angina), noncoronary atherosclerotic vascular disease (ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, peripheral arterial disease [PAD], abdominal aortic aneurysm), or a 10% or greater Framingham 10-year risk of fatal coronary heart disease or nonfatal MI. Patients with LV dysfunction have a BP goal of <120/80 mm Hg. 

Angina, arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction Endocrine and metabolic... 

Addison s or Cushing s disease Myocardial infarction Diuretics... 

Tight control of diabetes, with reduction of HbAic from 9.1% to 7%, was shown to reduce the risk of microvascular complications overall compared with that achieved with conventional therapy (mostly diet alone, which decreased HbAic to 7.9%). Cardiovascular complications were not noted for any particular therapy metformin treatment alone reduced the risk of macrovascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke). Epidemiologic analysis of the study suggested that every 1% decrease in the Aic achieved an estimated risk reduction of 37% for microvascular complications, 21% for any diabetes-related endpoint and death related to diabetes, and 14% for myocardial infarction. 

Decreased cardiac performance. Any number of factors that affect cardiac pumping ability may be responsible for initiating a change in myocardial performance. Factors such as ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, valve dysfunction, and hypertension may all compromise the heart s pumping ability.29 53 71 Also, cardiomyopathy may result from other diseases and infections.13... 

In the case of aspirin, there are numerous reports of beneficial effects of low-dose aspirin in the secondary prophylaxis of cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction and stroke). Aspirin clearly reduces the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke among patients who already have manifestations of cardiovascular disease. 

It is well known that the response to a drug can differ between diseased and nondiseased individuals. For example, the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators changes in many diseases and conditions such as rheumatic diseases, myocardial infarction, angina, aging, and obesity [21]. This may have an impact on toxicity and pharmacokinetics, and in particular, when the drug interacts with these mediators. In addition the pharmacokinetics of a drug can be affected by disease in general, a topic that is discussed later in this chapter. 

GGT is fouud particularly iu hepatocytes aud biliary epithelial cells. GGT serum levels may be high iu liver disease, but it is particularly a feature of biliary outflow obstruction more so than hepatocellular damage. GGT serum measuremeut provides a very sensitive indicator of the presence or absence of hepatobiliary disease. However, raised GGT levels have also been reported in a variety of other clinical conditions, including pancreatic disease, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal failure, diabetes, obesity and alcoholism. It is also a sensitive indicator of liver damage through alcohol iugestion. 

A 38-year-old white man with a history of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, coronary artery by-pass, alcoholism, and depression took a combined massive overdose of diltiazem and atenolol (24). He underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation because of cardiac arrest bradycardia, hypotension, and oliguria followed and were resistant to intravenous pacing and multiple pharmacological interventions, including intravenous fluids, calcium, dopamine, dobutamine, adrenaline, prenalterol, and glucagon. Adequate mean arterial pressure and urine output were restored only after the addition of phenylephrine and transvenous pacing. He survived despite myocardial infarction and pneumonia. 

The natural history of the disease is determined by the onset and extent of chronic diabetic complications. Microangiopathic changes are diabetes-specific, causing retinopathy, nephropathy and alterations in the peripheral and autonomous nervous system. Macroangiopathy, which is more typical for Type-II diabetes, leads predominantly to cardiovascular complications with coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular occlusion. 

Hepatic parenchymal diseasfii muscle disease Grganophosphorus insecticide oisoningj suxamethonium sensitivity, hepatic parenchymal diseases Muscle diseases, myocardial infarction Hepatic parenchymal diseases Hepatobiliary diseases Hemolysis, hepatic parenchymal diseases, myocardial infarction Pancreatic diseases Hepatobiliary disease Pancreatic diseases... 

Adverse effects include hypertension, headache, dry mouth, nausea, insomnia, and restlessness. Contraindications to the use of these agents include the presence of hypertension, tachyarrhythmias, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, cor pulmonale, hyperthyroidism, renal failure, and narrow-angle glaucoma. 

Modern oral contraceptives can contribute to the incidence and severity of certain diseases if other risk factors are present. The following conditions are considered absolute contraindications for combination oral contraceptives the presence or history of thromboembolic disease, cerebrovascular disease, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, or congenital hyperlipidemia known or suspected carcinoma of the breast, carcinoma of the female reproductive tract, or other hormone-dependent/responsive neoplasias abnormal undiagnosed vaginal bleeding known or suspected pregnancy and past or present liver tumors or impaired liver function. The risk of serious cardiovascular side effects is particularly marked in women over 35 years of age who smoke heavily (e.g., >15 cigarettes/day) even low-dose oral contraceptives are contraindicated in such patients. 

Contraindications History of thromboembohc disorders, deep venous thrombosis, cerebral vascular disease, myocardial infarction, liver cancer, estrogen-dependent cancer, breast cancer, undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding, or suspected pregnancy. 

TCAs are extensively but reversibly bound to a,-acid glycoproteins (ocAG). Changes in the concentrations of aAG can result in clinically significant increases in the aAG-bound TCAs in medically ill, depressed patients. ocAG increase in renal transplantation, liver disease, myocardial infarction, pregnancy, malignancy, ulcerative colitis, chronic alcoholism, and rheumatoid arthritis. 

The root of Salvia miltiorrhiza has been used as Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemia, angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. Many studies on the secondary metabolites from Salvia miltiorrhiza revealed that tanshinones were a group of compounds responsible for these biological activities, especially for the treatment of coronary artery disease and h5 rtension. 

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