Discrimination and Classification

Paradkar, M. M., Sivakesava, S., and Irudayaraj, J. (2003). Discrimination and classification of adulterants in maple syrup with the use of infrared spectroscopic techniques. ]. Sci. Food Agric. 83, 714-721. 

The measurement of major (by SEM-EDS), minor and trace (by ICP-MS) elements is very important for discrimination and classification of samples into glass types. It is usually helpful to be able to classify the glass into a category such as sheet, container, vehicle window, vehicle headlamp or tableware. However, it is also necessary to apply statistical methods in the characterisation of glass evidence according to its elemental composition. 

The adaptive spectrometer described in this paper produces either non-imaging, onedimensional or two-dimensional multispectral radiance datasets ( datacube in the case of two-dimensional spectral mapping) for gas or aerosol discrimination and classification. The spectral, temporal and spatial resolution of the data collected by the instrament are adjustable in real time, making it possible to keep the tradeoff between sensor parameters at optimum at all times. The instrument contains no macro-scale moving parts making it an excellent candidate for the development of a robust, compact, lightweight and low-power-consumption device suitable for field operation. 

Hand, D.J. (1981) Discrimination and Classification, John Wiley Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK... 

D.J. Hand, Discrimination and Classification, J. Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 1981. 

Romisch et al. in 2009 presented a study on the characterization and determination of the geographical origin of wines. In this paper, three methods of discrimination and classification of multivariate data were considered and tested the classification and regression trees (CART), the regularized discriminant analysis (RDA) and the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). PLS-DA analysis showed better classification results with percentage of correct classified samples from 88 to 100%. 

Romisch, U. Jager, H. Capron, X. Lanteri, S. Forina, M Smeyers-Verbeke, J. (2009). Characterization and determination of the geographical origin of wines. Part III multivariate discrimination and classification methods. Eur. Food Res. Technol. Vol.230,... 

T. J. Harvey, E. Gazi, A. Henderson, R. D. Snook, N. W. Clarke, M. Brown and P. Gardner, Factors influencing the Discrimination and Classification of Prostate Cancer Cell Lines by FTIR Microspectroscopy, Analyst, 2009, 134, 1083 1091. 

Japon-Lujmi, R., Ruiz-Jimenez, J., and Luque de Castro, M.D., Discrimination and classification of olive tree varieties and cultivation zones by biophenol contents, J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 9706, 2006. 

FTIR spectra of other vegetable oils present some particularities that can be useful in authentication analysis. For discrimination and classification studies discriminant analysis or partial least square (PLS) regression were performed (Manaf et al., 2007 Che Man Rohman 2013). 

Due to the high variation in the chemical composition, one of the main scientific aims is to investigate species discrimination and classification by FT-IR spectroscopy [141, 145-147]. As far as environmental conditions and nutrient availability strongly influence the chemical composition in the cells and hence the observed bands and intensities in the resulting spectra, not only different genera but even individuals of the same species with different spatial origin can be distinguished [148]. 

Electrochemical biosensors were developed for detection and discrimination of either target DNA sequence or single nucleotide polymorphisms. DNA sequence detections have various applications such as detection of target genes, discrimination and classification of various organisms and also detection of genetic based disorders. 

Hand, D. J. Discrimination and Classification John Wiley Sons New Yoik, New York, 1981 Ch. 7. 

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