Dioxins estrogenic effects

A wide variety of chemicals have been shown to have endocrine disruption effects, including various types of pesticides, surfactants amd detergents, plasticizers and resins, metals, PCBs, dioxins, PAHs, and pharmaceuticals (see table 11.1). Also, several natural chemicals have been shown to have estrogenic effects, as well as those manufactured for specific reproductive use by humans (e.g., birth control and anabolic steroids). The following types of effects have been linked to endocrine disrupters in animals and/or humans ... 

Gray, L.E., Ostby, J., and Wolf, C. et al. (1996). Effects of estrogenic, antiandrogenic and dioxin-like synthetic chemicals on mammalian sexual differentiation. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 212,4—TOXI. 

Mechanism-specific in vitro bioassays, e.g. for dioxin-like or estrogenic activity, can fill in specific gaps left open by chemical analysis. They may detect unknown compounds, compounds that are present in levels below the limit of detection for chemical analysis, quantify mixture effects or quantify the presence of certain elasses of eompounds in a more cost effective way. Although... 

ROMKES M, piskorska-pliszczynska J and safe s Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dioxin on hepatic and uterine estrogen receptor levels in rats , Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 1987 87 306-314. 

Lin FH, Stohs SJ, Bimbaum LS, et al. 1991. The effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the hepatic estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors in congenic strains of Ah responsive and Ah nonresponsive C57B1/6J mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 108 129-139. 

Table 9. Physico-chemical properties, bioconcentration factors on a wet weight basis (BCF ) and on a lipid basis (BCFl), and estrogenic or anti-estro-genic effects of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD)... 

Kharat, I. and F. Saatcioglu. Antiestrogenic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p- dioxin are mediated by direct transcriptional interference with the liganded estrogen receptor. Cross-talk between aryl hydrocarbon- and estrogen-mediated signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 271 10533-10537, 1996. 

Lu, F., Zahid, M., Saeed, M., Cavalieri, E. L., and Rogan, E. G. (2007) Estrogen metabolism and formation of estrogen-DNA adducts in estradiol-treated MCF-10F cells. The effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induction and catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibition. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 105, 150-158. 

Ruegg J, Swedenborg E, Wahlstrom D, Escande A, Balaguer P, Pettersson K, Pongratz I (2008) The transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator functions as an estrogen receptor beta-selective coactivator, and its recruitment to alternative pathways mediates antiestrogenic effects of dioxin. Mol Endocrinol 22 304—316... 

SI. Schneider, J., Kinne, D., Fracchia, A., et al.. Abnormal oxidative metabolism of estradiol in women with breast cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79,3047-3051 (1982). Spink, D. C., Hayes, C. L., Young, N. R., cf a/.. The effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on estrogen metabolism in MCF-7 breast cancer cells Evidence for induction of a novel 17/3-estradiol 4-hydroxylase. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 51, 251-258 (1994). Spink, D. C., Spink, B. C., Cao, J. Q., et al.. Induction of cytochrome P450 IBI and catechol estrogen metabolism in ACHN human renal adenocarcinoma cells. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 62, 223-232 (1997). 

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