Diluents kaolin

Another excipient used in feed additive premixes is a diluent used to dilute or standardize activity. Diluents are similar in composition to grain carriers, except the particle size is generally smaller. No attempt is made to absorb the active drug to the individual particles of the diluents. If a liquid is used it is mainly for dust control. A diluent is considered for use when the level of the active ingredient components in the premix approaches or exceeds 50% of the product or when two or more active components vary greatly from one another in density [13]. Examples of diluent materials are ground limestone, sodium sulfate, kaolin, corn cob flour, and ground oyster shells. 

Kaolin clays are naturally occuring sedimentary deposits composed largely of kaolinite mineral. Typical impurities in these deposits are iron oxides, titanifer-ous minerals, silica, feldspar, mica, sulfides and organic matter. The majority of kaolin clay produced in the world is used in the paper industry as coating and filler materials. This mineral also makes an excellent filler, carrier, opacifier and diluent in a variety of industrial products such as paints, plastics, cement, rubber, pharmaceuticals, etc. 

Tablet diluent Inert substance used as filler to create desired bulk, flow properties, and compression characteristics in preparation of tablets Dibasic calcium phosphate, kaolin, lactose, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, powdered cellulose, precipitated calcim carbonate, sorbitol, starch...

Diluents calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium sulphate, glucose, kaolin, lactose, mannitol, colloidal silica, sodium chloride sodium sulphate, sorbitol. 

In oral medicines, kaolin has been used as a diluent in tablet and capsule formulations it has also been used as a suspending vehicle. In topical preparations, sterilized kaolin has been used in poultices and as a dusting powder. Therapeutically, kaolin has been used in oral antidiarrheal preparations. ... 

Kaolin is considered in most countries to be an archaic diluent. 

Calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, kaolin, talc, magnesium carbonate, and zinc oxide are frequently used as nutrient supplements or food diluents. Calcium silicate and fumed silica are used as anticaking agents. They are added in concen-... 

Adsorption of some drugs, especially vitamins, on diluents such as kaolin. Fuller s earth or hentonite can occur in capsule and tablet dosage forms. The physical adsorption can retard dissolution and, hence, hioavailahility. Some calcium salts (e.g. dicalcium phosphate) are extensively used as diluents in tablet and capsule dosage forms. The original use of dicalcium phosphate in a tetracycline capsule formation resulted in poor bioavailability. Lactose tends to react with amine compounds causing discoloration. 

The situation is different for LOI criteria Al(OH)j and Mg(OH)2 are the most effective and talc and kaolin (which only act as a diluent) still show a very little effect. Increased fillers concentration improves fire retardance but also impairs physico-mechanical properties. Therefore there is interest in the minimum loading conferring the minimum fire-retardance level acceptable for a general-purpose application (such as LOI 25 UL 94 V-0). Melamine improves UL 94 rating of PP compared with the mineral filler alone. 

Special fine-particle kaolin clays are commonly used in rubber compounding as economic diluents, mainly to reduce the cost and improve processability. Clays that are used by the rubber industry require further processing to remove larger particles and impurities, which prevents the decrease of the rubber product s cured physical properties. 

Kaolin clay is basically used as an economic diluent to reduce the cost of some rubber formulations. If used at all, kaolin is typically used at 20 to 150 parts per hundred rubber. Clay is not used very much in tire applications. However, it is a common raw material for many nontire applications. 

Kaolin is practically insoluble in water and organic solvents. It is also insoluble in mineral acids and solutions of alkali hydroxides. Unless sterilized, it may be heavily contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacillus anthracis, clostridium tetani and clostridium welchii. It can be sterilized by maintaining the whole at a temperature not less than 160°C for not less than one hour. The primary applieations of Kaolin USP in the pharmaceutical industry are as an adsorbent at eoneentrations of 7.5 to 55%, dusting powders at 25%, and poultices at a level of 53%. Kaolin has also been used as a diluent in tablet and capsule formulations. Kaolin Mixture with Pectin (Gennaro, 1990), an example of a pharmaceutical adsorbent formulation, is shown below. 

The adsorbent properties of kaolin may influenee the adsorption of other orally administered drugs, ineluding cimetidine, lineomycin, tetracycline and digoxin. Since it is sometimes employed as a tablet diluent, it must never be used in tablets containing cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, estrogens and medicaments which may be adsorbed by kaolin. 

When maximum loading of the carrier is not required a combination of carrier and solid diluent may be employed. Often in these situations a first concentrate of liquid active on a sorptive carrier such as attapulgite will be prepared. The concentrate is then diluted with a solid diluent such as kaolin or diatomite. A solid diluent other than the carrier will be used to impart a particular physical property such as free flow, or will be used to reduce the possibility of chemical decomposition of active ingredient during storage. 

A concentrate is prepared by spraying the solution of insecticide in NMP onto sihcate in a ribbon blended equipped with a spray bar. The concentrate is then diluted with minerals. Diatomaceous earth adds some absorptivity. Kaolin is added primarily for its bulk density, and partially to improve flowabihty of the final product. Since solid carriers and diluents are sufficiently fine there is no need to mill the mixture after the impregnation and blending steps. 

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