Bisphenol A diglycidylether

Hard epoxy resins of the diglycidylether-bisphenol A type (e.g., Epikote 1004 (Shell Chemicals) and Bakelite epoxy resin ERL 1774) are manufactured by the reaction of bisphenol and epichlorohydrin. 

Products obtained by pyrolysis of other polymers is reviewed in Table 4.5. Some specific applications of the chromatography-MS technique to various types of polymers include the following PE [34,35], poly(l-octene) [29], poly(l-decene) [29], poly(l-dodecene) [29], CPE [36], polyolefins [37, 38], acrylic acid-methacrylic acid copolymers [39, 40], polyacrylate [41], nitrile rubber [42], natural rubbers [43, 44], chlorinated natural rubber [45, 46], polychloroprene [47], PVC [48-50], polysilicones [51, 52, 53], polycarbonates [54], styrene-isoprene copolymers [55], substituted olystyrene [56], PP carbonate [57], ethylene-vinyl acetate [58], Nylon 66 [59], polyisopropenyl cyclohexane-a-methyl styrene copolymers [60], cresol-novolac epoxy resins [61], polymeric flame retardants [62], poly(4-N-alkyl styrenes) [63], polyvinyl pyrrolidone [64], polybutyl-cyanoacrylate [65], polysulfides [66], poly(diethyl-2-methacryl-oxy) ethyl phosphate [67, 68], polyetherimide [69], bisphenol-A [70], polybutadiene [71], polyacenaphthalene [72], poly(l-lactide) [73], polyesterimide [74], polyphenylene triazine [75], poly-4-N-vinyl pyridine [76], diglycidylether-bisphenol-A epoxy resins [77], polyvinylidene chloride [78] and poly-p-chloromethyl styrene [79]. 

Figure 35 shows the result for the scaled forward scattering from randomly cross linked polyester chains which were prepared by anhydride curing of phe-nylglycidylether in the presence of bisphenol A diglycidylether [173-175]. The data could be fitted with Eq. (91) with values for g and which are collected in Table 5. 

Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards. Bisphenol A and its Diglycidylether Health Based Recommended Occupational Exposure Limits. No. 1996/02WGD, Rijswijk, The Netherlands, 12 September 1996... 

Following is the polymerization procedure of a cured epoxy resin, Bisphenol-A diglycidylether, with polyamines. Record the time of this experiment. Note Some NMR spectrometers may have kinetics experiments as macros. 

Bentley, P., Bieri, F., Kuslcr. H., Muakkassah-Kelly, S., Sagelsdorff. P, Staubli, W. Waechter, F. (1989) Hydrolysis of bisphenol A diglycidylether by epoxide hydrolases in cytosolic and microsomal fractions of mouse liver and skin inhibition by bis epoxycyclopentylether and the effects upon the covalent binding to mouse skin DNA. Carcinogenesis, 10, 321-327... 

The principle of miniemulsion polymerization to polyadditions of epoxyresins was successfully transferred to mixtures of different epoxides with varying diamines, dithiols, or diols which were heated to 60°C to form the respective polymers [125]. The requirement for the formulation of miniemulsions is that both components of the polyaddition reaction show a relatively low water solubility, at least one of them even below 10 5 g l1. The diepoxide bisphenol-A-diglycidylether was successfully used as epoxy component. In order to vary the obtained polymeric structure, tri- and tetra-functionalized epoxides were also used. As amino components a NH2 terminated poly(propylene oxide) with Mw=2032 g mol1, 4,4 -diaminobibenzyl, 1,12-diaminododecane, and 4,4 -di-aminodicyclohexylmethane were applied. As other addition components beside amine, 1,6-hexanedithiol and Bisphenol A were used. The hydrophobic compo-... 

Fig. 21. a Typical latex obtained in a polyaddition process in miniemulsion (Epikote E828 (bisphenol-A-diglycidylether) and 4,4 -diaminobibenzyl) b TEM micrograph of a polyurethane latex obtained by isophorone diisocyanate and 1,12 dodecanediol... 

Diffusion 127 -, anomalous 39, 42-43, 65 Diffusion-reaction model 141 Diffusivity, thermal 149 Diglycidylether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) 141 Disordered structure 12 Dispersion 9-10,30,32,36,48 Dynamic plowing lithography 153... 

The viscosity of the irradiated Bisphenol-A diglycidylether/initiator reaction mixture increases only slightly with storage time. Even after prolonged storage of the exposed sample, no tackfree coating could be obtained (see Fig. 12). 

Figures 14 and 15 show the relations between the amount of iron arene initiator, the reaction enthalpy (AHj and the glass transition temperature Tg of the polymerized Bisphenol-A diglycidylether (cf. Table 2, structure I, x = 0.15) and the oligomer product based on the former compound (cf. Table 2, structure I, x = 11.8). The maximum polymerization heat per mole of epoxide is observed ivith an initiator concentration of 1.5-2.5% (w/w). At this concentration, Tg of the crosslinked resin is about 115 °C for the polymerized low-molecular-weight expoxide and about 80 "C for the polymerized high-molecular-weight epoxide resin.

The relation between the epoxy content of various epoxy resins based on Bisphenol-A diglycidylether and AH and the glass transition temperatures of linear and cured resins is given in Table 3. 

The values obtained in these experiments confirm that the polymerization heat AH is a function of the amount of epoxy groups in the oligomeric products based on Bisphenol-A diglycidylether. This correlation shows further that AH is about 50 to 60 kJ per mole epoxy group. The Tg of the cured resins decreases, as expected, with an increase of the chain length of the advanced epoxy resins... 

The curing behavior of an epoxy system was investigated by dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The epoxy resin (R) was a blend of bisphenol-A-diglycidylether (90%) and a monoepoxide (10%). The hardener (H) was a triethylene-tetramine-phenol-formaldehyde adduct containing 2% free phenol. 

Figure 11. Dielectric loss data of bisphenol-A-propoxylate( 1 PO/phenol)diglycidylether) at various combinations of temperature and pressure as indicated to demonstrate the invariance of the dispersion of the a-relaxation at constant a-loss peak frequency va or equivalently at constant a-relaxation time t7.

Previous Work on Latent Catalysts for Epoxy Resins. Numerous patents (, , ) have been issued in recent years on the development of latent catalysts for DGEBA (i.e., diglycidylether of bisphenol a ) resins, but most fulfill only a few of the conditions outlined above. One of the most successful of these has been the boron trifluoride-monoethylamine complex ( ). However, one of the serious disadvantages of this particular latent catalyst is the poor electrical properties at elevated temperatures of the epoxy resin in the cured state (7 ). 

The multifunctional monomer with more than two reactive sites per molecule may be either the epoxy monomer or the amine comonomer. Diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), with two epoxy groups per molecule, is a typical epoxy monomer (Scheme 28.2). 

Figure 4.15 Infrared spectrum of diglycidylether of bisphenol A epoxy resin.

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