Digestion in pigs

Drouault, S., Juste, C., Marteau, P., Renault, R, and Corthier, G. (2002), Oral treatment with Lactococcus lactis expressing Staphylococcus hyicus lipase enhances lipid digestion in pigs with induced pancreatic insufficiency, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 68,3166-3168. 

Laplace). R, Souffrant W. B., Hennig U.,Chabeauti E., Fevrier C., 1994. Measurement of precaecal dietary protein and plant cell wall digestion in pigs comparison of four surgical procedures. Livest Prod. Sci., 40,313-328. 

EFFECTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITIES IN PIGS... 

Effects of organic acids on growth peformance and nutrient digestibilities in pigs... 

Agudelo, J.H., M.D. Lindemann, and G.L. Cromwell, 2010. Acomparison oftwo methods to assess nutrient digestibility in pigs. Lives Sei., in press. 

The in situ mobile bag technique (MBT) is commonly used to estimate intestinal digestibility of RUP and AA in rurriiiiants (NRC, 2001 DSTRA, 2007). It was originally introduced to measure protein digestibility in pigs (Sauer etal., 983) but was modified to study postruminal digestion of feedstuffs by ruminants (Hvelplund, 1985). The MBT in ruminants starts with an in situ ruminal incubation of... 

Jorgensen H, Jensen S K and Eggum B O (1996), The influence of rapeseed oil on digestibility, energy metabolism and tissue fatty acid composition in pigs , ActaAgric Scand A Anim Sci, 45, 65-75. 

Graham, H. (1991) The physical and chemical constitution of foods effects on carbohydrate digestion. In Euller, M.E. (ed.) In vitro Digestion for Pigs and Poultry. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 35-44. 

DC Hunt, A Lesley, N Philp, NT Crosby. Determination of ochratoxin A in pig s kidney using enzymic digestion, dialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization. Analyst 104 1171-1175, 1979. 

The measurement of digestibility in the bird is more complicated than in the pig, since faeces and urine are excreted together through the cloaca. As a result, it is necessary to separate the faeces and urine, usually by performing a surgical operation on the bird that allows collection of faeces in a colostomy bag. 

Opapeju, F.O., Golian, A., Nyachoti, C.M. and Campbell, L.D. (2006) Amino acid digestibility in dry extruded-expelled soyabean meal fed to pigs and poultry. Journal of Animal Science 84,1130-1137. 

Crews, H.M., Dean, J.R., Ebdon, L. and Massey, R.C. (1989) Application of high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to the investigation of cadmium speciation in pig kidney following cooking and in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion. Analyst, 114, 895-899. 

Bovine haemoglobin, the protein from erythrocytes which occurs as a minor component in meat and meat products, is also a precursor of opioid peptides (haemorphins). These opioid peptides are released by pepsin digestion in vitro and may also be produced by macrophages. Moreover, haemorphins have been found to decrease the tension of the guinea pig ileum in vitro (Nyberg et al., 1997). 

Extrusion of whole double-O rapeseed, with 30-70% peas or 47-53% wheat meals, at 150°C (302°F) decreased trypsin inhibitors by 20 0%, total glucosi-nolates by 20 0%, and progoitrin by 46-60%. Rapeseed lipids had apparent digestibilities of 70.1% and 80.5% in pigs 4 and 7 weeks of age, respectively, and were similar to corn (maize) oil (93). 

In the USA, most type A gelatin is obtained from pig skins. This material is washed in cold water for a few hours to remove extraneous matter and is then digested in dilute mineral acid (HGl, H2SO4, H2SO3, or H3PO4) at pH 1-3 and 15-20°C until maximum swelling has occurred. This process takes approximately 24 hours. The swollen stock is then washed with water to remove excess acid, and the pH is adjusted to pH 3.5—4.0 for the conversion to gelatin by hot-water extraction. 

Only about 30-40% of the phosphate in feedstuffs of vegetable origin—mainly present in a bound form as phytate (see Fig. 2.34)—is digested by pigs. Traditionally, the addition of inorganic phosphate to the feedstuff was necessary to meet the required phosphate level for pig growth (bone formation). 

The enzyme phytase is able to hydrolyze the phosphate ester bonds of phytate, i.e. producing a more digestible inorganic phosphate from feedstuffs of vegetable origin. This avoids part of the inorganic phosphate addition in feedstuffs and reduces the phosphate content in pig faeces slurry by 30% [12]. 

Infections by intestinal roundworms is prevalent in pigs throughout the world. The presence of nematodes in the digestive tract of pigs is associated with... 

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