Diffuse near infrared

Dale, J.M., Klatt, L.N., "Principal Component Analysis of diffuse Near-Infrared Reflectance Data From Paper Currency", / /)/. Spec. 1989 (43) 1399-1405. 

J.L. Ilari, H. Martens and T. Isaksson, Determination of particle size in powders by scatter correction in diffuse near infrared reflectance, Appl. Spectrosc., 42, 722-728 (1988). 

B. W. Pogue, S. P. Poplack, T. O. McBride, W. A. Wells, K. S. Osterman, U. L. Osterberg, and K. D. Paulsen, Quantitative Hemoglobin Tomography with Diffuse Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Pilot Results in the Breast, Radiology, 218,261 (2001). 

T. Naes and T. Isaksson, Locally Weighted Regression of Diffuse Near Infrared Transmittance Spectroscopy, A/ / Z. Spectros., 46 34-43 (1992). 

T. Ntes and T. Isaksson, Locally weighted regression in diffuse near infrared transmittance spectroscopy. 

QUALITY CONTROL OF AGROCHEMICAL FORMULATIONS BY DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE NEAR INFRARED SPECTROMETRY... 

A solvent free, fast and environmentally friendly near infrared-based methodology was developed for the determination and quality control of 11 pesticides in commercially available formulations. This methodology was based on the direct measurement of the diffuse reflectance spectra of solid samples inside glass vials and a multivariate calibration model to determine the active principle concentration in agrochemicals. The proposed PLS model was made using 11 known commercial and 22 doped samples (11 under and 11 over dosed) for calibration and 22 different formulations as the validation set. For Buprofezin, Chlorsulfuron, Cyromazine, Daminozide, Diuron and Iprodione determination, the information in the spectral range between 1618 and 2630 nm of the reflectance spectra was employed. On the other hand, for Bensulfuron, Fenoxycarb, Metalaxyl, Procymidone and Tricyclazole determination, the first order derivative spectra in the range between 1618 and 2630 nm was used. In both cases, a linear remove correction was applied. Mean accuracy errors between 0.5 and 3.1% were obtained for the validation set. 

Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy deuterium triglycine sulphate energy compensated atom probe energy dispersive analysis energy-loss near edge structure electron probe X-ray microanalysis elastic recoil detection analysis (see also FreS) electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis extended energy-loss fine structure field emission gun focused ion beam field ion microscope... 

Intensified metabolic control, especially in case of diabetes, demands minimal-invasive or non-invasive methods of analytical measurement. For this goal, a method has been developed to measure the blood glucose content in vivo, in direct contact with the skin, by means of diffuse reflection near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy on the basis of multivariate calibration and neural networks (Muller et al. [1997] Fischbacher et al. [1997] Danzer et al. [1998]). Because no patients with any standard blood glucose value are available in principle, a method of indirect calibration has... 

Danzer K, Fischbacher C, Jagemann K-U, Reichelt KJ (1998) Near-infrared diffuse reflection spectroscopy for non-invasive blood-glucose monitoring. LEOS Newslett 12(2) 9... 

Malin S.F., Ruchti T.L., Blank T.B., Thennadil S.N., Monfre S.L., Noninvasive prediction of glucose by near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Clin. Chem. 1999 45 (9) 1651-1658. 

Various optical detection methods have been used to measure pH in vivo. Fluorescence ratio imaging microscopy using an inverted microscope was used to determine intracellular pH in tumor cells [5], NMR spectroscopy was used to continuously monitor temperature-induced pH changes in fish to study the role of intracellular pH in the maintenance of protein function [27], Additionally, NMR spectroscopy was used to map in-vivo extracellular pH in rat brain gliomas [3], Electron spin resonance (ESR), which is operated at a lower resonance, has been adapted for in-vivo pH measurements because it provides a sufficient RF penetration for deep body organs [28], The non-destructive determination of tissue pH using near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has been employed for pH measurements in the muscle during... 

The scope of the present chapter will be exclusively concerned with investigations of diffuse reflectance work performed in the UV/VIS region of the spectrum, and with colors that can be perceived by the human eye. Much work has been conducted in the near-infrared region of the spectrum, but that aspect will be covered elsewhere in this book. 

Keywords functional brain monitoring near infrared spectroscopy diffuse optical tomography. 

McCarty GW, Reeves JB III, Reeves VB, Follett RF, Kimble JM. Mid-infrared and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for soil carbon measurement. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2002 66 640-646. 

Barnes, R. J., Dhanoa, M. S., Lister, S. J. Appl. Spectrosc. 43,1989, 772-777. Standard normal variate transformation and de-trending of near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra. Barnes, R. J., Dhanoa, M. S., Lister, S. J. J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 1, 1993, 185-186. Correction of the description of standard normal variate (SNV) and De-Trend transformations in practical spectroscopy with applications in food and beverage analysis. Brereton, R. G. Chemometrics—Data Analysis for the Laboratory and Chemical Plant. Wiley, Chichester, United Kingdom, 2006. 

The phenomenon of fluorescence has been synonymous with ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectroscopy rather than near-infrared (near-IR) spectroscopy from the beginning of the subject. This fact is evidenced in definitive texts which also provide useful background information for this volume (see, e.g., Refs. 1-6). Consequently, our understanding of the many molecular phenomena which can be studied with fluorescence techniques, e.g., excimer formation, energy transfer, diffusion, and rotation, is based on measurements made in the UV/visible. Historically, this emphasis was undoubtedly due to the spectral response of the eye and the availability of suitable sources and detectors for the UV/visible in contrast to the lack of equivalent instrumentation for the IR. Nevertheless, there are a few notable exceptions to the prevalence of UV/visible techniques in fluorescence such as the near-IR study of chlorophyll(7) and singlet oxygen,<8) which have been ongoing for some years. 

These three main classes of process sample streams are in increasing order of difficulty for near-infrared process analysis. In general, liquid streams are best measured in a transmission sampling mode, solids (powders) in diffuse reflectance mode, and slurries in either diffuse reflectance or diffuse transmission according to whether the liquid phase or the suspended phase is of greater analytical signihcance. If the... 

D.L. Wetzel and J.A. Eilert, Optics and sample handling for near-infrared diffuse reflection in Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy, J.M. Chalmers and P.R. Griffiths (eds), vol 1, John Wiley Sons, New York, 2002. 

C.E. Miller and B.E. Eichinger, Analysis of rigid polyurethane foams by near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Appl. Spectrosc., 44, 887-894 (1990). 

O. Berntsson, L-G. Danielsson and S. Folestad, Estimation of effective sample size when analyzing powders with diffuse reflectance near-infrared spectrometry. Anal Chim. Acta, 364, 243-251 (1998). 

J.M. Olinger, PR. Griffiths and T. Burger, Theory of diffuse reflectance in the NIR region. In Handbook of Near-Infrared Analysis, 2nd edition, D. Burns and E.W. Ciurczak (eds), Marcel Dekker, New York, 19-52, 2001. 

M. Blanco, J. Coello, H. Iturriaga, S. Maspoch and C. Pezuela, Strategies for constructing the calibration set in the determination of active principles in pharmaceuticals by near infrared diffuse reflectance spectrometry. Analyst, 122, 761-765 (1997). 

A. Duuko aud A. Dovletoglou, Moisture assay of an antifungal by near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 28, 145-154 (2002). 

A.Z. David, I. Antal, Z. Acs, L. Gal and D. Greskovits, Investigation of water diffusion in piracetam by microwave moisture measurement and near-infrared spectroscopy, Hung. J. Ind. Chem., 28, 267-270 (2000). 

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