Transmission diffusive

Retention of a protein or protein activity after 105,000y, 1 hr Chromatography on gel filtration columns with large pore sizes Electron microscopy—however, sample preparation may partially reconstitute membranes Decrease in solution turbidity, which may be detected by a diminution in light scattering or an enhancement in light transmission Diffusion of membrane lipids as assayed by nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spin resonance... 

Infrared spectra of zeolitic samples can be measured in several different modes. These include transmission, diffuse reflectance, attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) and emission. Transmission and diffuse reflectance are by far the most widely used of these techniques. In the transmission mode, the sample is placed directly in the infrared beam of the instrument and the light passing through or transmitted is measured by the detector. This transmitted signal (T) is ratioed to the open beam (no sample) signal (To) to get the transmission spectrum of the sample. The transmission spectrum is converted to an absorbance spectrum ... 

The absorption bands of goethite arise, as do those of the other FeOOH polymorphs, from Fe-OH and Fe-O vibrations. There are 36 possible Fe-O vibrations and 12 hydroxyl vibrations. Of these, 12 Fe-O and 5 hydroxyl vibrations (all B type) are infrared active, although not all of these are observed experimentally (Table 7.2). The same bands are detected whether the sample is examined by transmission, diffuse reflec-... 

All of the usual sampling techniques used in infrared spectroscopy can be used with FT-IR instrumentation. The optics of the sampling chamber of commercial FT-IR instruments are the same as the traditional dispersive instruments so the accessories can be used without modification for the most part. To make full use of the larger aperature of the FT-IR instrument, some accessories should be modified to accomodate the larger beam. The instrumental advantages of FT-IR allow one to use a number of sampling techniques which are not effective using dispersive instrumentation. Transmission, diffuse reflectance and internal reflectance techniques are most often used in the study of epoxy resins. 

Alexander, M., and Dalgleish, D.G. (2004). Application of transmission diffusing wave spectroscopy to the study of gelation of milk by acidification and rennet. Colloids Sutf. B. 38,... 

The subject of investigation is the planar structure comprising of oxidized Cu granules (5.5 nm in diameter) manufactured by laser electrodispergation. The spectra of coherent transmission, diffuse transmission and reflection were measured for these specimens. Experimental data were compared with those spectrum calculated with regard to some parameters of the planar structure and the size-dependence of Cu optical constants. 

Several UV-Vis configurations are available, including transmission, diffuse reflectance, and absorption. Each of which will be further discussed in detail. All techniques follow a general experimental format (although variations exist depending on measurement geometry) ... 

FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy transmission, diffuse reflection (DRIFTS), and attenuated total reflection (ATR) Identiflcation/structure of (adsorbed) species, adsorbate-adsorbent interaction... 

Measurement of the IR spectra of an ultrathin film on a powder sample may be carried out using transmission, diffuse transmittance (DT), diffuse reflectance (DR), or ATR techniques. As mentioned in Section 1.10, calculations to model the IR spectra of ultrathin films on powders under a different set of experimental conditions have not yet been realized. Compared to the stratified systems considered in Sections 2.1-2.6, optimization of the measurements on powders is significantly more complicated. Moreover, this problem has not yet been studied in a systematic fashion. Below current knowledge concerning the optimization of such measurements will be presented, with emphasis on the requirements of the sample. The technical aspects (the production of IR spectra of powders) are discussed in Section 4.2. 

In such a case the diffusion layer thickness / is replaced by in the finite-length transmissive diffusion impedance, Eq. (4.72) ... 

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