Elastic recoil detection analysis

Acronyms ERDA or ERD (elastic recoil detection (analysis)) 

ERDA is one of the most useful ion-beam analysis techniques for depth profiling of light elements. 

The basic experimental equipment is the same as in Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), but it is usual to use the glancing geometry with very small incident angles. 

The sample could be a multilayer system or bulk material. The lateral and interlayer homogeneity is important to obtain an undeformed spectrum for quantitative analysis. 

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Forward recoil spectrometry (FRS) [33], also known as elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA), is fiindamentally the same as RBS with the incident ion hitting the nucleus of one of the atoms in the sample in an elastic collision. In this case, however, the recoiling nucleus is detected, not the scattered incident ion. RBS and FRS are near-perfect complementary teclmiques, with RBS sensitive to high-Z elements, especially in the presence of low-Z elements. In contrast, FRS is sensitive to light elements and is used routinely in the detection of Ft at sensitivities not attainable with other techniques [M]- As the teclmique is also based on an incoming ion that is slowed down on its inward path and an outgoing nucleus that is slowed down in a similar fashion, depth infonuation is obtained for the elements detected. 

Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis Glow discharge mass spectrometry Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy Ion (excited) Auger electron spectroscopy Ion beam spectrochemical analysis... 

Because the cross-sections for nuclear reaction are usually lower than the cross-sections for elastic scattering of projectiles used in RBS or in elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA), higher currents must be used to obtain comparably high intensity in... 

The use of nuclear techniques allows the determination of C, N, H, O, and heavier contaminants relative fractions with great accuracy, and of the elements depth profile with moderate resolution (typically 10 nm). Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) of light ions (like alpha particles) is used for the determination of carbon and heavier elements. Hydrogen contents are measured by forward scattering of protons by incident alpha particles (ERDA) elastic recoil detection analysis [44,47]. 

Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy deuterium triglycine sulphate energy compensated atom probe energy dispersive analysis energy-loss near edge structure electron probe X-ray microanalysis elastic recoil detection analysis (see also FreS) electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis extended energy-loss fine structure field emission gun focused ion beam field ion microscope... 

This technique is known by a host of terms. As well as ERD, one sees it referred to as "forward scattering analysis, Forward Recoil Elastic Scattering (FRES) and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA). 

Elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) is specifically used for the determination of hydrogen profile in samples. The incident beam is composed of He ions [9],... 

Sweeney R. J., Prozesky V. M., and Springhorn K. A. (1997) Use of the elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) microbeam technique for the quantitative determination of hydrogen in materials and hydrogen partitioning between olivine and melt at high pressures. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acte 61, 101-113. 

Adsorption of ethylene and acetylene on platinum in the presence of hydrogen was investigated using elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA). Below 200 K no change was observed for acetylene, while at room temperature C2H3 radicals were formed The geometry of acetylene adsorbed on the Ni (100) face was determined by LEED (low energy electron diffraction) intensity analysis. ... 

The nuclear reaction methods are suitable for the determination of several isotopes from to S. The most frequently used reactions are (p, ), (d,p) and (d,a) providing useful alternative methods for the determination of isotopes such as D, and compared with RBS or elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA). Alpha induced reactions have a limited use. Some Li induced reactions have been tested and the ( B, a) reaction has been used for hydrogen determination and profiling. Cross-sections of 10 to 100 mb sr are observed for proton and deu-teron induced reactions with light isotopes such as D, li. Be and B. Detection limits of the order of 10 jjg g or even less are then possible with measuring times of the order of tens of minutes. Isotopes up to S can be determined in heavier matrices at mg g levels depending on the maximum beam current that the sample can withstand. 

TOE ERDA Time-of-Ehght Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis, 9 TOE-NDP Time-of Ehght Neutron Depth Profiling, 25 TPD Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy ... 

Equation (2) is the basis for the elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) methods using heavy ions in the MeV region. 

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