Alveolar hemorrhage, diffuse

Katayama K, Hata C, Kagawa K, Noda M, Nakamura K, Shimizu H, Fujimoto M. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage associated with myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody induced by propylthiouracil therapy. Respiration 2002 69(5) 473. 

Barnett, V.T., Bergmann, F., Humphrey, H., Chediak, J. (1992). Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage secondary to superwarfarin ingestion. Chest 102(4) 1301-2. 

Nicolls MR, Terada LS, Tuder RM, Prindiville SA, Schwarz MI. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage with underlying pulmonary capillaritis in the retinoic acid syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998 158(4) 1302-5. 

Acute renal insufficiency together with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates was suspected to have been caused by penicillamme (500 mg/day for 6 months) in a 34-year-old white woman, who took penicillamine for progressive systemic sclerosis (234). Because of disseminated intravascular coagulation, a biopsy was not made and the role of penicillamine remained uncertain. 

Aguilera CR, Garcia-De La Torre 1. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis with positive perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. J Rheumatol 1996 23(10) 1821-3. 

Retinoic acid sjmdrome has been reported in a patient who developed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage while being treated with tretinoin for acute promyelocjhic leukemia (32). 

Raanani P, Segal E, Levi I, Bercowicz M, Berkenstat H, Avigdor A, Perel A, Ben-Bassat I. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients treated with ATRA—a manifestation of the basic disease or the treatment. Leuk Lymphoma 2000 37(5-6) 605-10. 

There was diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and edema. Air spaces contained an abundance of macrophages. The alveolar interstitium was filled with infiltrated neutrophils. PBT-1 daily treatment significantly improved the lung histology, and this improvement was observed in a dose-dependent fashion (400,2000,4000 pg/kg). The BL effects were partially... 

Early-onset amiodarone toxicity due to diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, with respiratory distress, hemoptysis, severe hj oxia, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates has been described in a 46-year-old man taking amiodarone [32" ]. 

Respiratoiy A 53-year-old man with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis developed near-fatal diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after receiving intravenous itraconazole a lymphocyte stimulation test was positive he did not respond to methylprednisolone but responded dramatically to hemoperfusion using a poly-m) in B-immobiUzed fiber column P6 ]. 

Izumikawa K, Nakano K, Kurihara S, hnamura Y, Yamamoto K, Miyazaki T, Sakamoto N, Seki M, Ishimatsu Y, Kakeya H, Yamamoto Y, Yanagihara K, Tsuchiya T, Yamasaki N, Tagawa T, Mukae H, Nagayasu T, Kohno S. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage following itraconazole injection. Intern Med 2010 49(5) 497-500. 

Respiratory Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage has been attributed to everolimus in a 62-year-old female renal transplant recipient [39 ]. 

Vandewiele B, Vandecasteele SJ, Vanwalleghem L, De Vriese AS. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage induced by everolimus. Chest 2010 137(2) 456-9. 

Sakamoto S, Kaburaki K, Gochyo K, Ishida F, Sakaguchi S, Satoh K, Sano G, Sugino K, Isobe K, Kurosaki A, Homma S. Azithromydn-induced diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi 2009 47(4) 337-41. 

Respiratory Respiratory complications can occur due to bleeding in patients taking warfarin. An 84-year-old woman developed hemoptysis due to diffuse alveolar hemorrhage when her INR rose to 6 during treatment with phenprocoumon [4 ] and an 83-year-old woman with an INR of 10 developed upper airway obstruction due to hemorrhage in the epiglottis and arytenoid cartilages [5 ]. 

Klenner AF, Friesecke S, Schaper C, Ewert R, Glaser S. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage with acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with phenprocoumon... 

Respiratory More cases of respiratory adverse reactions to leflunomide have been reported, manifesting as interstitial pneumonitis [33" ], diffuse alveolar damage with secondary organizing pneumonia [34" ], and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage [35" ]. A review counted 32 cases of leflunomide-induced pneumonitis (not including the one mentioned above) reported in the English language literature [36 ]. 

Carloni A, Piciucchi S, Giannakakis K, Nori G, Zobel BB, Poletti V. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after leflunomide therapy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. J Thorac Imaging 2008 23(1) 57-9. 

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage Drug-induced limg disease Infection... 

Schwarz MI, Sutarik JM, Nick JA, et al. Pulmonary capillaritis and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. A primary manifestation of polymyositis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995 151 2037-2040. 

Zamora MR, Warner ML, Tuder R, et al. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical presentation, histology, survival, and outcome. Medicine (Baltimore) 1997 76 192 202. 

Pleurisy with effusions Exudative pleural effusion Pericarditis with or without effusion Parenchymal lung disease Interstitial lung disease Acute lupus pneumonitis Organizing pneumonia Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage Airway disease... 

The posttransplant period is divided into three phases preengraftment (0 to 30 days), early postengraftment (30-100 days) and late posttransplant (>100 days). The pulmonary complications follow characteristic time patterns (2). Although infections may present as diffuse pulmonary or bronchiolar disorders, this chapter will focus on noninfectious complications. Among the noninfectious pulmonary complications, pulmonary edema, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) and periengraftment respiratory distress syndrome (PERDS) usually occur during... 

Acute pulmonary edema Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage Periengraftment respiratory distress syndrome Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia Idiopathic pulmonary syndrome Delayed pulmonary toxicity syndrome Pulmonary cytolytic thrombi Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease Progressive pulmonary fibrosis Pulmonary hypertension Hepatopuhnonary S3mdrome Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis Eosinophilic pneumonia... 

Figure 1 Timing of the major noninfectious pulmonary complications following blood and marrow transplantation. Abbreviations. BO, bronchiolitis obUterans DAH, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage GVHD, graft versus host disease IPS, idiopathic pneumonia syndrome P edema, pulmonary edema PERDS, periengraftment respiratory distress syndrome phase I, preengraftment period phase II, early postengraftment period phase III, late postengraftment period.

Figure 5 A portable chest radiograph of a bone marrow transplant recipient with DAH showing bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. Abbreviation. DAH, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.

Afessa B, Tefferi A, Litzow MR, et al. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002 166(5) 641-645. 

Figure 3 Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. A 39-year-old man with WG admitted to the medical intensive care unit with hemoptysis, respiratory failure, and renal insufficiency preceded hy a five-month history of recurrent otitis media, epistaxis, nasal congestion, and leukocytoclastic vasculitis of the skin. The CT section shows a cavitary lung nodule (arrow) and diffuse patchy alveolar infiltrates consistent with DAH. Abbreviation DAH, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.

Klemmer PJ, Chalermskuhat W, Reif MS, et al. Plasmapheresis therapy for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in patients with small-vessel vasculitis. Am J Kidney Dis 2003 42(6) 1149-1153. 

Nguyen T, Martin MK, Indrikovs AJ. Plasmapheresis for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in a patient with Wegener s granulomatosis case report and review of the literature. J Clin Apher 2005 20(4) 230-234. 

Histologically, these lesions correspond to UIP or NSIP. The administration of high doses of steroids may prevent the progression to fibrosis, although the evidence remains scarce. Combination therapy with vinca alkaloids has been associated with a more acute presentation, which histologically corresponds to DAD. The response to steroids is incomplete but may prevent progression to fibrosis. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease have also been reported (1). 

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