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OtherD t b ses. Available from different vendors (Table 8). For example, the researcher can obtain physical properties by usiag the Merck Index Online or the Dictionary of Organic Compounds available by Chapman and Hall Chemical Database. In DIALOG, numeric databases are collected under the name of CHEMPROP. 

The definition of a drug differs between dictionaries and among the various professional specialisms. A search of the internet elicited various definitions and a paraphrase of the most memorable is a compound can be defined as a drug if, when injected into a rodent, it yields a scientific publication . Although this is a memorable definition, for the purposes of this review, however, a drug is defined broadly as a compound that has properties that influence the health of an animal when ingested or administered to that animal. A brief look at current literature will quickly convince the reader that this is a definition which covers man-made and natural compounds that can be extracted from plant material and microbes and iised. ... 

Sejnowski and Rosenberg used two different sets of words for training (1) 1024 words taken from phonetic transcriptions of informal continuous speech by children and (2) a subset of the 1000 most commonly used words selected from Miriam Webster s Pocket Dictionary. NETtalk was trained on a DEC VAX 11/780 minicomputer. 

Adverse events need to be coded consistently with respect to letter case. Problems can occur when there is discordant coding using all capital letters, all lower-case letters, or combinations thereof, as computer software will interpret these capitalization variations as different events. Letter case sensitivity can be important when two or more words are used to describe an adverse event. For example, some databases utilizing the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) coding dictionary employ a coding system in which only the first letter of the first word of an adverse event is capitalized (e.g., Atrioventricular block complete ). Failing to adhere to uniform letter case conventions across the data can result in severe errors in data analysis. 

Before proceeding further it is well to consider the term cement, for its definition can be the source of some confusion. Both the Oxford English Dictionary and Webster give two alternative definitions. One defines a cement as a paste, prepared by mixing a powder with water, that sets to a hard mass. In the other a cement is described as a bonding agent. These two definitions are quite different. The first leads to a classification of cements in terms of the setting process, while the second lays emphasis on a property. In this book the term cement follows the sense of the first of these definitions. 

Categorical Data and Why Zero and Missing Results Differ Greatly 102 Performing Many-to-Many Comparisons/Joins 106 Using Medical Dictionaries 108 Other Tricks and Traps in Data Manipulation 112 Common Analysis Data Sets 118 Critical Variables Data Set 118 Change-from-Baseline Data Set 118 Time-to-Event Data Set 121... 

Hardness is a somewhat ambiguous property. A dictionary definition is that it is a property of something that is not easily penetrated, spread, or scratched. These behaviors involve very different physical mechanisms. The first relates to elastic stiffness, the second to plastic deformation, and the third to fracturing. But, for many substances, the mechanisms of these are closely related because they all involve the strength of chemical bonding (cohesion). Thus discussion of the mechanism for one case may provide some understanding of all three. 

Chemical Product A chemical product is a complex arrangement of parts, ordered and interconnected. In other words, a chemical product consists of different units that form a system. According to Webster s Dictionary, a product is something produced, especially something grown or manufactured. This implies that it does not make sense if a product is produced without taking into consideration its function. Thus, a chemical product can be defined as a system formed by different chemical substances, which is manufactured for one or more purposes. 

DCM is a Cabinet server that provides encyclopedic information of Chinese medicines and medical conditions from the book, A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine [42], It has over 220 000 searchable fields in four different languages (English, traditional Chinese, Pinyin and Latin). DCM is a tool that includes Chinese and Western medical terminology and gives medication as well as acupuncture treatment descriptions. DCM is implemented for finding definitions without leaving the TCM database. Many medicinal sources are identified by pictures generated from PARK. 

Why is it so important to have a glossary of analytical terms Because there are so many different acronyms, abbreviations, and incorrectly used terms , that even specialists sometimes have problems in understanding each other. A glossary is like a dictionary with the terms being the words in the vocabulary. Unfortrmately not all words are found in one source. This chapter is a compilation of the most used terms. 

Questions five and six address the actual identification, quantification and valuation of resources and costs. Resources previously identified as being relevant to the analysis have to be collected, measured and reported in appropriate units. For example, if blood tests are determined to be a resource that is important to the analysis, the actual number of each specific test performed must be recorded (e.g. five CBCs). Because of differing treatment regimens across regions or countries, it is extremely important that there is full disclosure of each resource identified, along with the frequency of use. Such resource dictionaries allow the person critically evaluating the analysis to determine whether the treatment patterns in the analysis accurately reflect treatment patterns in their area. In addition, the unit cost/price for each resource should be provided, along with the source of each value. The provision of unit prices/costs allows the reader to determine whether the relative costs shown in the analysis are similar to those foimd in his or her area. 

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