Diazinon treatment

Misawa, M., J. Doull, P.A. Kitos, and E.M. Uyeki. 1981. Teratogenic effects of cholinergic insecticides in chick embryos. I. Diazinon treatment on acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase activities. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 57 20-29. 

X 10 /1/ diazinon. Enzyme histochemistry localized AChE activity to region.s coire,sponding to those of sites of necrosis. The Investigators also demonstrated that DFP produced large foci of necrotic retinal cells equivalent to those seen in diazinon treatment. 

Fig. 1 chromatogram of the thiophosphate insecticides (each ca. SOO ng) after treatment with dipping solutions I and II (A) before and (B) after complete drying of the TLC plate. TVacks 1 and S mixture Track 2 azinphos ethyl Track 3 malathion Track 4 diazinone. 

Diazinon SOW was applied by air blast sprayers in accordance with typical application practices for orchards. Application began in March and continued until early-to mid-July. Dormant sprays typically contained diazinon in an oil mixture. Aqueous emulsions were applied as foliar sprays thereafter. Eqmpment was calibrated to provide an application rate of 3.4 kg active ingredient (a.i.)ha At least five applications were made at approximately 2-week intervals. During these applications, 233 samples were taken from spray tanks across the four treatment fields to estimate the application rate in PA, and 244 samples were collected in WA. 

Table 2 Diazinon concentrations in gastrointestinal tracts of avian species inhabiting apple orchards following multiple treatments...

Marganian, V.M. and W.J. Wall, Jr. 1972. Dursban and diazinon residues in biota following treatment of intertidal plots on Cape Cod — 1967-69. Pestic. Monitor. Jour. 6 160-165. 

Egyed, M.N., A. Shlosberg, M. Malkinson, and A. Eilat. 1976. Some considerations in the treatment of diazinon poisoned goslings. Clin. Toxicol. 9 245-249. 

Forrest, M., K.A. Lord, N. Walker, and H.C. Woodville. 1981. The influence of soil treatments on the bacterial degradation of diazinon and other organophosphorus insecticides. Environ. Pollut. 24A 93-104. 

The first field test was successful. Both dimethoate and malathion declined exponentially (Figure 9) and exhibited efficiency factors comparable to the efficiency factors found in the pilot tests. An efficiency factor could be calculated for baygon, but not for diazinon. Some sediment was present into the bottom of the holding tank which could have been slowly releasing baygon and diazinon in the bulk liquid. Nevertheless, after 24 hours of treatment, all pesticides were below the limit of detection. 

Greenhouse soil was treated at 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 ppm with Diazinon 4E. Parathion hydrolase was added to the soil to determine the efficacy of the enzyme to rapidly degrade diazinon during a spill situation. The half-life of the diazinon in the 500 ppm treatment without enzyme present was 9.4 days while the half-life of diazinon in the 500 ppm treatment with enzyme present was one hour. The half-lives of diazinon in the 1000, 2000 and 5000 ppm treatments with enzyme present were 1.2, 5.6 and 128 hours (5.3 days), respectively. These data indicate that parathion hydrolase can be used effective " to rapidly reduce large concentrations of diazinon in soil. 

Average ppm of Diazinon Remaining in Soil from Treatments, ... 

One important aspect of any cleanup technique, is the type of degradation products that are produced. These products must be known in order to assess their potential environmental impact and toxicological hazards. One of the major degradation products of diazinon, oxypyrimidine was measured in soil after treatment with parathion hydrolase. Figure 6 shows that oxypyrimidine increases in soil as the diazinon is degraded by the enzyme. 

Cardiovascular Effects. No gross or histological evidence of treatment-related damage to the heart was observed in hybrid rats (10 of each sex) exposed to 11.6 mg/m3 diazinon (nose-only) for 3 weeks,... 

A group of 8 children who accidentally became intoxicated by eating oatmeal contaminated with diazinon all recovered (Reichert et al. 1977). A dose could not be determined in this case, but typical neurological signs of diazinon toxicity were observed. Five individuals who intentionally ingested doses of 240-916 mg/kg diazinon recovered after treatment (Klemmer et al. 1978). 

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